Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common pathological condition that is responsible for many neuropathological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and stroke. Several antioxidants have been studied extensively for the treatment of neurological disorders. For example, CoQ10 has been used as an endogenous electron transport chain (ETC) supplement to treat Parkinson’s disease, singly or in combination with other antioxidants such as creatine. Estrogen has been found to increase gene expression for many key components of the ETC. However, none of these studies proved successful in clinical studies, casting doubt on such neuroprotective strategies. Inhibition of mitochondrial complex IV with KCN and complex
