Leukocidins are S.aureus toxins consist of two separate monomeric subunits which have the ability to bind to leukocyte membrane forming β barrel pores that extend through the phospholipid bilayer leading to lysis of leukocyte (fig. 1). There are six known leucocidins (lukED, lukSF, HlgAB, HlgCB, LukAB/HG and LukMFʹ). All S.aureus strains can produce three types of leukocidins at least (LukAB/HG, HlgAB, and HlgCB). Also, all leucocidins can infect human except LukMFʹ which can detected on isolates separated from ruminants and other mammals but not humans (Alonzo et al., 2013).
I- Historical identification and early characterization of the leukcidins:
1-Discovery of S. aureus Leukolytic Activity and Identification of PantonValentine Leucocidin: …show more content…
Denys and Van de Velde in 1895, published a study about S. aureus leukocidal activity on rabbit leukocytes. They detected antibodies produced by rabbit against leukocidins. This substancewas named “leucocidin”. leucocidin composition was unknown at that time (Denys and Van de Velde, 1895).
In 1932, Panton and Valentine decided that leukocidin and alpha-hemolysin were unique substances through detailed phenotypic studies on some S. aureus strains, some strains had potent leukocytic activity with no hemolytic activity and vice versa, it was conclusively established that leukocytic and hemolytic activities were due to two unique substances (Panton and Valentine, 1932; Valentine, 1936). Later work validated Panton and Valentine studies and prompted are naming of leucocidin to Panton-Valentine leucocidin or PV leucocidin (PVL).
Woodin in 1960, provided an evidence which said that active leukocidins consist of two separate protein components fast or F (LukF-PV) and slow or S (LukS-PV), based on their chromatography elution profiles (Table1).These leukocidins are cytotoxic only when both S and F subunits are combined (Woodin, …show more content…
They detect an expression of a novel immunologically reactive molecule which was named LukED (Gravet et al., 1998).
5-Identification of Leucocidins AB/HG
In 2010 during study cell surface proteins, Ventura discovered a leukocytic bicomponent toxin with 30% amino acid sequence identity to the other known leucocidins. This novel leukocidin was named LukHG, where LukH refers to the S subunit and LukG refers to the F subunit (Ventura et al, 2010).
Around the same time, during proteomic studies by DuMontetal to identify a novel leukocidin responsible for lytic activity on S. aureus culture supernatants derived from bacteria grown in Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium enriched with Casamino Acids (RPMI-CAS), LukAB toxin was detected. Subsequently, upon sequence comparison of the LukHG toxin to LukAB, it was found that both toxins were identical (Dumont et al,
I- Historical identification and early characterization of the leukcidins:
1-Discovery of S. aureus Leukolytic Activity and Identification of PantonValentine Leucocidin: …show more content…
Denys and Van de Velde in 1895, published a study about S. aureus leukocidal activity on rabbit leukocytes. They detected antibodies produced by rabbit against leukocidins. This substancewas named “leucocidin”. leucocidin composition was unknown at that time (Denys and Van de Velde, 1895).
In 1932, Panton and Valentine decided that leukocidin and alpha-hemolysin were unique substances through detailed phenotypic studies on some S. aureus strains, some strains had potent leukocytic activity with no hemolytic activity and vice versa, it was conclusively established that leukocytic and hemolytic activities were due to two unique substances (Panton and Valentine, 1932; Valentine, 1936). Later work validated Panton and Valentine studies and prompted are naming of leucocidin to Panton-Valentine leucocidin or PV leucocidin (PVL).
Woodin in 1960, provided an evidence which said that active leukocidins consist of two separate protein components fast or F (LukF-PV) and slow or S (LukS-PV), based on their chromatography elution profiles (Table1).These leukocidins are cytotoxic only when both S and F subunits are combined (Woodin, …show more content…
They detect an expression of a novel immunologically reactive molecule which was named LukED (Gravet et al., 1998).
5-Identification of Leucocidins AB/HG
In 2010 during study cell surface proteins, Ventura discovered a leukocytic bicomponent toxin with 30% amino acid sequence identity to the other known leucocidins. This novel leukocidin was named LukHG, where LukH refers to the S subunit and LukG refers to the F subunit (Ventura et al, 2010).
Around the same time, during proteomic studies by DuMontetal to identify a novel leukocidin responsible for lytic activity on S. aureus culture supernatants derived from bacteria grown in Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium enriched with Casamino Acids (RPMI-CAS), LukAB toxin was detected. Subsequently, upon sequence comparison of the LukHG toxin to LukAB, it was found that both toxins were identical (Dumont et al,