Through the 1300s the Church continued to be concerned with heresy, and some Christians remained courageous, independent and willful thinkers. One of them was John Wycliffe (1330-84), a theologian at Oxford University who spoke of scripture as being primary in authority. He believed that anybody who could read should have access to it. He started a movement that translated the Bible into English, copied by hand from the Latin Bible. In England, people hungering for spirituality became part of what was called the Lollard movement. Many were rejecting clerical wealth, including Wycliffe, who favored a return to Christian asceticism. He believed that the Church should be poor, as in the days of the apostles. Wycliffe was forced to appear before
