“The Pre-school period refers to those years between the ages of 3 and 5. Children of preschool age refine the mastery of their bodies and have increasing emotional, psychosocial and cognitive capacity to meet formal educational challenges. Many people consider these the most intriguing years of parenting, because children effectively interact and communicate with adults. Physical development continues to slow, whereas cognitive and psychosocial development are both rapid”
Crisp, J; Taylor,C; Douglas,C; & Rebeiro, G. (Eds). (2012). Potter and Perry’s fundamentals …show more content…
By this age pre-schooler are able to make friends and express their emotions. They become independent and build interest to experience something new, they can now dress and undress, and play mom and dad role during plays. The emotional state has a powerful impact on the social relationship in the early childhood and those who are emotionally healthy are capable of a positive relationship with their peers and others at home. Erikson’s theory of the emotional state is initiative versus guilt during preschool years. According to Erikson’s theory initiative is when pre-schoolers want to take action and contend themselves. They also want to create, invent, pretend, take risks, and engage themselves in imaginative activities with their peers. Sometimes these can go wrong that’s is when they believe their efforts are wrong and start to develop guilt. Most pre-schoolers are so energetic in activities because of their initiative and guilt struggle they …show more content…
His Mum is Maori and his Dad is European and he attends Kohanga a maori based preschool. Maori have a rich culture, tradition, and legend that is passed on through generation in the form of storytelling (New Zealand Tourism Guide, 2016). According to Trawick-Smith (2014), storytelling is the verbal sharing of the tale which uniquely contributes to the children’s language development. When pre-schoolers such as Toby are being told stories they use their imagination and creative thinking as well as provide their own imagery. The children often tend to focus more on the suprasegmental aspects of the story such as pitch, volume, pace and other modulations of voice that make the story exciting. Storytelling can also connect the listener with the history, families and event in the past. As the legend stories are told to Toby, he may bring the history to live through his imagination of the past. Toby attends Kohanga that is a maori instructed early childhood education and care centre. According to Valentine (2016) at Kohanga children are involved in maori language and culture from birth to the age of six this means they only speak maori. Kohanga fully depends on the family to engage in the daily activities that help the children to develop and learn. The family is also part of the management, operation and decision making for the Kohanga. By having family around while learning