The article suggests that there is a distinction between how the West and countries such as Russia and China use cyberspace. The United States focuses on preventing enemies from gaining access to resources such as government systems or important information and try to gain access to the secrets of other countries. Apps argues that countries such as Russia and China use cyberspace more advantageously. To prove his point he brings up the 2016 U.S presidential election as Russia used cyberspace to influence American voters quite heavily. Apps acknowledges that the U.S and the U.K are gaining many technologically talented specialists at their disposal, but also states that Russia has found ways to use “cyber” resources in ways that no other country has. Apps urges the West to invest more in cyber warfare as it is only getting more problematic.
Osipova, Natalia V., and Aaron Byrd. “How Russian Bots Invade Our Elections.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 31 Oct. 2017, …show more content…
Cyber warfare is a real threat and more groups are continuously emerging. He states that cyber warfare will not happen alone, on the on the other hand it will be complementary to military warfare. Clarke also emphasises the concept that unlike warfare fought by weapons, there cannot be any kind of cyber deterrence created. This is one of the major differences between cyber warfare and conventional militaristic warfare. Clarke also brings up the point that there needs to be more international discussion on how to regulate cyber warfare just like countries have done with other kinds of warfare before attacks get out of