Production of castor biodiesel and its utilization in diesel engine
Lalit Prasad*a, c, Subhalaxmi Pradhanb, S.N. Naikb, L.M. Dasa aCentre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, India bCentre for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India c Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, India
Abstract
This paper deals with the formulation of castor biodiesel (CB) at optimum condition by single step base catalysed transesterification reaction. The produced ester were utilisation in a diesel engine. The optimum conditions of oil to methanol molar ratio was kept 1:9, …show more content…
The optimum ratio was found to be 1:9 molar ratio of methanol to oil (triglyceride) which is sufficient to give approximately 92% yield of methyl ester. It might be anticipated that, in such an equilibrium system, the observed phase separation of the by-product, glycerol, would play a major role in achieving a conversion of methyl ester. The reaction conditions for the preparation of methyl ester of castor oil is summarised in Table1
Table 1: Optimum reaction conditions for castor oil methyl ester
Parameter Methanol oil molar ratio Catalyst concentration (%) Rate of mixing (RPM) Reaction temperature
(0C) Reaction duration (hours) conditions 9:1 0.9 500 65 2.5
3.2. Fuel properties of castor biodiesel –diesel blends
The fuel properties or the test blends CB30, CB40 and CB50 were evaluated; and are shown in Table 2. It was observed that the fuel properties of test blends were found to be close to the permissible limit.
Table 2: Fuel properties of castor biodiesel blends at optimum conditions
Properties Limits Diesel CB30 CB40 CB50 Test Method
Flash Point, ºC 130.0 77 115 123 129 ASTM
D 93
Kin. Viscosity @ 40º C, cSt 1.9 – 6.0 2.85 3.87 4.11 4.53 ASTM
D 445
Density @15ºC, g/cm3 0.86-0.90 0.83 0.86 0.87 0.89 EN 14214
Cloud point ºC - -4 -7.4 -8.1 -8.8 ASTM D2500
Pour point ºC - -9 -11.8 -12.5 -13.4 ASTM …show more content…
Sahoo, L.M. Das, MKG. Babu and S.N. Naik, Biodiesel development from high acid value polanga seed oil and performance evaluation in CI engine, Fuel, 86, 2007, 448–54.
[2] L.C. Meher, S.N. Naik, and L.M. Das, Methanolysis of Pongamia pinnata (Karanja) oil for production of biodiesel, Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 63, 2004, 913–8.
[3] A.K. Agarwal, B. Jayashree and L.M. Das, Wear assessment in biodiesel fuelled compression ignition engine, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power (ASME Transactions) 125(3), 2003, 820–6.
[4] A.K. Agarwal and L.M. Das, Biodiesel development and characterization for use as a fuel in compression ignition engines. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power (ASME Transactions), 123(2), 2001, 440–447.
[5] K.C. Panday, K.P. Panday and B.B. Ghosh, Critical review on vegetable oils as substitute’s fuel for diesel engine, Proc. XVI National Conference on I.C Engines and Combustion, 2000, 95-104. [6] J.W. Goodrum and D.P. Geller, Influence of fatty acid methyl ester from hydroxylated vegetable oils on diesel fuel lubricity, Bioresour. Technol., 96, 2005, 851-855.
[7] D.C. Drown, K. Harper, and E. Frame, Screening vegetable oil alcohol esters as fuel lubricity enhancer. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 78, 2001,
Lalit Prasad*a, c, Subhalaxmi Pradhanb, S.N. Naikb, L.M. Dasa aCentre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, India bCentre for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India c Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, India
Abstract
This paper deals with the formulation of castor biodiesel (CB) at optimum condition by single step base catalysed transesterification reaction. The produced ester were utilisation in a diesel engine. The optimum conditions of oil to methanol molar ratio was kept 1:9, …show more content…
The optimum ratio was found to be 1:9 molar ratio of methanol to oil (triglyceride) which is sufficient to give approximately 92% yield of methyl ester. It might be anticipated that, in such an equilibrium system, the observed phase separation of the by-product, glycerol, would play a major role in achieving a conversion of methyl ester. The reaction conditions for the preparation of methyl ester of castor oil is summarised in Table1
Table 1: Optimum reaction conditions for castor oil methyl ester
Parameter Methanol oil molar ratio Catalyst concentration (%) Rate of mixing (RPM) Reaction temperature
(0C) Reaction duration (hours) conditions 9:1 0.9 500 65 2.5
3.2. Fuel properties of castor biodiesel –diesel blends
The fuel properties or the test blends CB30, CB40 and CB50 were evaluated; and are shown in Table 2. It was observed that the fuel properties of test blends were found to be close to the permissible limit.
Table 2: Fuel properties of castor biodiesel blends at optimum conditions
Properties Limits Diesel CB30 CB40 CB50 Test Method
Flash Point, ºC 130.0 77 115 123 129 ASTM
D 93
Kin. Viscosity @ 40º C, cSt 1.9 – 6.0 2.85 3.87 4.11 4.53 ASTM
D 445
Density @15ºC, g/cm3 0.86-0.90 0.83 0.86 0.87 0.89 EN 14214
Cloud point ºC - -4 -7.4 -8.1 -8.8 ASTM D2500
Pour point ºC - -9 -11.8 -12.5 -13.4 ASTM …show more content…
Sahoo, L.M. Das, MKG. Babu and S.N. Naik, Biodiesel development from high acid value polanga seed oil and performance evaluation in CI engine, Fuel, 86, 2007, 448–54.
[2] L.C. Meher, S.N. Naik, and L.M. Das, Methanolysis of Pongamia pinnata (Karanja) oil for production of biodiesel, Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 63, 2004, 913–8.
[3] A.K. Agarwal, B. Jayashree and L.M. Das, Wear assessment in biodiesel fuelled compression ignition engine, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power (ASME Transactions) 125(3), 2003, 820–6.
[4] A.K. Agarwal and L.M. Das, Biodiesel development and characterization for use as a fuel in compression ignition engines. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power (ASME Transactions), 123(2), 2001, 440–447.
[5] K.C. Panday, K.P. Panday and B.B. Ghosh, Critical review on vegetable oils as substitute’s fuel for diesel engine, Proc. XVI National Conference on I.C Engines and Combustion, 2000, 95-104. [6] J.W. Goodrum and D.P. Geller, Influence of fatty acid methyl ester from hydroxylated vegetable oils on diesel fuel lubricity, Bioresour. Technol., 96, 2005, 851-855.
[7] D.C. Drown, K. Harper, and E. Frame, Screening vegetable oil alcohol esters as fuel lubricity enhancer. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 78, 2001,