Psych 7A: Chapter 13

Front 1

Personality is best defined as an individual's

Back 1

characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.

Front 2

Mark typically responds to stress in a calm and thoughtful manner. Chandler usually becomes agitated. The reactions of
Mark and Chandler indicate that each has a distinctive

Back 2

personality

Front 3

Which of the following techniques was Freud most likely to use in an attempt to discover the hidden conflicts
underlying his patients' symptoms?

Back 3

free association

Front 4

Free association is a method designed to

Back 4

explore the unconscious.

Front 5

. Freud emphasized that effective treatment of psychological disorders involves the

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exploration of repressed memories

Front 6

According to Freud, thoughts that are too unsettling for people to acknowledge are

Back 6

repressed

Front 7

Julie reported that she had a dream in which she was chased by a large dog. According to Freud, Julie's account
represents the ________ content of her dream.

Back 7

manifest

Front 8

According to Freud's theory, the behavior of a newborn is controlled by

Back 8

the id

Front 9

The superego is the part of personality that

Back 9

operates on the reality principle

Front 10

While attending college, Saeb impulsively and carelessly spends all his time and money on “wine, women, and song.”
Freud would have suggested that Saeb shows signs of a(n)

Back 10

weak superego

Front 11

1. Freud suggested that pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones as we progress through various

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psychosexual stages

Front 12

According to Freud, the most important erogenous zone during earliest infancy consists of the

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mouth

Front 13

Boris does not like chemistry, but he has chosen it as his college major simply to prove that he is just as smart as his
father, who is an outstanding chemist. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to suggest that Boris suffers from an
unresolved

Back 13

oedipus complex

Front 14

Psychoanalytic theory suggests that the ego disguises threatening impulses and reduces anxiety by means of

Back 14

defense mechanism

Front 15

Coping with anxiety by retreating to behavior patterns characteristic of an earlier, more infantile stage of development is
called

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regression

Front 16

Although Eduardo has repressed his own homosexual desires, he is distressed by a false suspicion that many men
frequently stare lustfully at his body. According to psychoanalytic theory, Eduardo's thinking best illustrates

Back 16

projection

Front 17

Unconsciously motivated by miserliness, Mr. Rioja refused his son's request for money to buy the books he needs for
school. In defending his actions, Mr. Rioja explained that “parental financial aid prevents teenagers from developing
into mature, independent adults.” Mr. Rioja's explanation is an example of

Back 17

rationalization

Front 18

Shortly after receiving a traffic ticket for speeding, Fred made numerous hostile comments to his wife about the
incompetence of women drivers. Fred's comments illustrate most clearly the defense mechanism of

Back 18

displacement

Front 19

Frank refuses to believe that he is addicted to drugs despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary. He is most clearly
demonstrating the defense mechanism of

Back 19

denial

Front 20

According to Carl Jung, the collective unconscious

Back 20

contains images derived from our species' universal experiences.

Front 21

Mr. Dutoit was asked by his psychotherapist to look at some ambiguous pictures and make up a story about each. Mr.
Dutoit was most likely taking the

Back 21

TAT

Front 22

Survivors of traumatic events, such as rape or torture, are often haunted by persistent and vivid memories of this
experience. This most clearly serves to challenge Freud's concept of

Back 22

repression

Front 23

Which theory has been most severely criticized for offering after-the-fact explanations without advancing testable
predictions?

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psychoanalytic theory

Front 24

According to Maslow, the top-level needs that arise after all other needs have been met include the needs for
self-actualization and

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self-trandesencence

Front 25

According to Carl Rogers, people nurture our growth by being genuine, accepting, and

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empathetic

Front 26

Carl Rogers emphasized that a positive self-concept is promoted by

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unconditional positive regard

Front 27

In assessing a client's personal growth, Carl Rogers measured the correspondence between

Back 27

ideal self and actual self

Front 28

An interest in describing and classifying the many ways in which individuals may differ from one another is most
characteristic of the ________ perspective.

Back 28

humanistic

Front 29

To identify a relatively small number of the most basic personality traits, trait theorists have used

Back 29

factor analysis

Front 30

The Big Five is the term currently used to refer to basic

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trait dimensions

Front 31

Which of the following Big Five trait dimensions is most descriptive of an individual who is organized and disciplined
in managing his or her work?

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conscientiousness

Front 32

Trait theorists have been criticized for

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overestimating the consistency of behavior from one situation to another

Front 33

Analena's refusal to purchase fattening snacks at the grocery store is both a cause and a consequence of her superior
dietary self-control. This best illustrates the importance of

Back 33

reciprocal determinism

Front 34

Julio believes that no matter how hard he works, the “system” is so biased against his ethnic group that he will be unable
to achieve economic success. Julio's thinking most clearly demonstrates

Back 34

an external locus of control

Front 35

Paula expects that diligent study will enable her to earn good grades on her tests. Paula's belief best illustrates

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an internal locus of control

Front 36

Compared with those who perceive an internal locus of control, individuals with an external locus of control are

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less likely to feel depressed and less likely to feel gratification

Front 37

Researchers have observed that the experience of repeated uncontrollable traumatic events contributes to

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learned helplessness

Front 38

After picking one of 28 flavors of ice cream, people may regret bypassing some of the remaining flavors. Their regret
best illustrates a consequence of

Back 38

the tyranny of choice

Front 39

The trait of optimism is most closely related to a strong sense of

Back 39

personal control

Front 40

Martin Seligman advocates a positive psychology, which focuses on topics such as

Back 40

optimism

Front 41

Which of the following is said to function as an organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors?

Back 41

the sefl

Front 42

Medical students earn higher grades if they have a clear vision of themselves as successful doctors. This best illustrates
the motivational significance of

Back 42

positive selves

Front 43

When Professor McKay nervously began teaching a university class for the first time, he overestimated the extent to
which his students would notice that he was anxious. His reaction best illustrates

Back 43

the spotlight effect

Front 44

Self-esteem refers to

Back 44

all of these characteristics

Front 45

People with high self-esteem are less likely than those with low self-esteem to

Back 45

succumb to conformity pressures

Front 46

The tendency to accept more personal responsibility for one's successes than for one's failures best illustrates

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self-serving bias

Front 47

Research participants were most likely to react aggressively to criticism of their written essays if they experienced
________ self-esteem

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unrealistically high

Front 48

Exaggerated feelings of self-importance are most closely linked with

Back 48

narcissim