Psych 7A: Chapter 5

Front 1

The branch of psychology that systematically focuses on the physical, cognitive, and social changes that occur
throughout the life cycle is called

Back 1

developmental psychology

Front 2

One of the three major issues in developmental psychology involves the study of

Back 2

habituation

Front 3

A fertilized egg is called a(n)

Back 3

zygote

Front 4

From 2 weeks to 8 weeks after conception, the human organism is known as a(n)

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embryo

Front 5

The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth is known as a(n)

Back 5

fetus

Front 6

Newborn infants typically prefer their mother's voice over their father's voice because

Back 6

they become familiar with their mother's voice before they are born.

Front 7

Harmful chemicals or viruses that can be transferred from a mother to her developing fetus are called

Back 7

teratogens

Front 8

Sierra, a 28-year-old heroin addict, is pregnant. Her baby will be born

Back 8

heroin addict

Front 9

The symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome demonstrate that alcohol is a

Back 9

teratogen

Front 10

Three-month-old Andrew was obviously startled by the first ring of the telephone, but with each subsequent ring he
seemed to become less reactive. This best illustrates the process of

Back 10

habituation

Front 11

Research on the perceptual abilities of newborns indicates that they

Back 11

look more at a facelike image than at a bull's-eye pattern

Front 12

Excess neural connections in the brain's association areas are reduced through a process of

Back 12

pruning

Front 13

Biological growth processes that are relatively uninfluenced by experience and that enable orderly changes in behavior
are referred to as

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maturation

Front 14

Putting babies to sleep on their backs to reduce the risk of crib death has been associated with a slight delay in children's

Back 14

crawling

Front 15

It is difficult to successfully train many children to walk before they are 10 months old. This best illustrates the
importance of

Back 15

maturation

Front 16

When tethered to a mobile, infants learned the association between

Back 16

kicking and the mobile's movement

Front 17

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information is called a(n)

Back 17

schema

Front 18

. According to Piaget, assimilation involves

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altering existing schemas in order to incorporate new information.

Front 19

Adjusting current schemas to make sense of new information is called

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assimilation

Front 20

Lisa attempts to retrieve her bottle after her father hides it under a blanket. This suggests that Lisa has developed a sense
of

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object permanence

Front 21

The discovery that 5-month-old infants stare longer at numerically impossible outcomes suggests that Piaget

Back 21

underestimated the cognitive capacities of infants.

Front 22

The principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
is called

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conservation

Front 23

Although Mr. Tong was obviously busy reading an absorbing novel, his 5-year-old daughter kept interrupting him with
comments and questions about the TV cartoons she was watching. Before Mr. Tong becomes irritated with his daughter
for being inconsiderate, he should be alerted to Piaget's concept of

Back 23

egocentrism

Front 24

Children's ability to infer other people's intentions and feelings is indicative of their emerging

Back 24

theory of mind

Front 25

In an experiment, children see a doll named Sally leave her ball in a red cupboard and go away. They then observe
another doll, Anne, move the ball to a different location. In asking children where Sally will look for the ball upon her
return, the investigators are testing the children’s

Back 25

theory of mind

Front 26

Autism is a disorder characterized by deficient social interaction and an impaired

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theory of mind

Front 27

Vygotsky emphasized that parents help children achieve advanced levels of thinking by sharing

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words

Front 28

Young children typically try to stay very close to their parents when they are in an unfamiliar setting. This best
illustrates the adaptive value of

Back 28

attachment

Front 29

The Harlows' studies of infant monkeys raised with artificial mothers suggest that body contact promotes

Back 29

attachment

Front 30

Infant monkeys raised with a nourishing wire mother and a nonnourishing cloth mother

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preferred the nourishing wire mother

Front 31

Lambs raised in the barn where the cattle are kept tend to stay near the cattle when subsequently placed in open pasture.
This best illustrates a process known as

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imprinting

Front 32

. Even though Alicia was busy playing when her mother came to pick her up from her baby-sitter, she quickly ran to her
mother, gesturing to be held. Alicia most clearly showed signs of

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secure attachment

Front 33

Infants who are unable to predict how their parents will react to their cries for care and attention are especially likely to
show signs of

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insecure attachment

Front 34

Questions about the extent to which secure attachments are influenced by infant temperament or by responsive parenting
are most directly relevant to the issue of

Back 34

nature or nurture

Front 35

Securely attached people exhibit less

Back 35

fear of failure

Front 36

Research indicates that most abusive parents report that they themselves were

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battered or neglected as children

Front 37

Dmitri is a typical 6-month-old. When he looks into a mirror he is likely to

Back 37

reach toward the image as if it were another child

Front 38

Researchers have sneakily dabbed rouge on young children's noses in order to study the developmental beginnings of

Back 38

self awareness

Front 39

Authoritarian parents are especially likely to be

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inflexible

Front 40

The Albertsons establish and enforce rules for their children to follow. They give reasons for the rules and invite their
teenagers to join in the discussion when new rules are being made. Psychologists would characterize the Albertsons as
________ parents

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authoritative

Front 41

Which of the following phases of development extends from the beginnings of sexual maturity to independent
adulthood?

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adolescense

Front 42

An example of a primary sex characteristic is a

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woman's ovaries

Front 43

The speed of neurotransmission in the frontal lobe increases during adolescence due to the growth of

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myelin

Front 44

Like Piaget, Kohlberg emphasized that children's moral judgments build on their

Back 44

physical development

Front 45

A postconventional level of morality is most likely to be found in cultures that value

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individualism

Front 46

Today's character education programs teach children to experience

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empathy

Front 47

Fred has no meaningful occupational goals and has switched college majors several times. Erikson would have
suggested that Fred lacks

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identity

Front 48

Compared with 40 years ago, in the United States today people are likely to

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marry for the first time at a later age

Front 49

Which of the following is TRUE of adolescence today as compared to a century ago?

Back 49

Menarche occurs earlier in life, and adult independence occurs later in life

Front 50

Which of the following describes gender differences in life expectancy?

Back 50

The number of newborn females is equal to the number of males, and females have a longer life expectancy than do
males.

Front 51

The deterioration of memory and thinking caused by ailments such as Alzheimer's disease or a series of small strokes is
called

Back 51

dementia.

Front 52

An early sign of Alzheimer's disease would most likely be

Back 52

Difficulty in naming familiar objects or people

Front 53

In recall and recognition tests of memory for recently learned material, older adults are more likely than young adults to
have difficulty

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recalling meaningless material

Front 54

In which research method are the same people retested over a period of years?

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longitudinal

Front 55

The idea that adult intelligence declines with age has been challenged most effectively by

Back 55

longitudinal research.

Front 56

Crystallized intelligence refers most directly to a person's

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accumulated knowledge and verbal skills

Front 57

Which of the following terms refers to a person's ability to reason speedily and abstractly

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fluid intelligence

Front 58

Kathryn and Rafael's third and last child is leaving home for college next year. Their empty nest is likely to be a(n)
________ place.

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happy

Front 59

The grief experienced over the death of a loved one is especially severe when death is experienced

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as coming before it's expected time on the social clock.

Front 60

Researchers who emphasize learning and experience tend to view development as

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a continuous process, while those who emphasize maturation often view development as a sequence of stages

Front 61

Questions about the extent to which maladaptive habits learned in childhood can be overcome in adulthood are most
directly relevant to the issue of

Back 61

stability or change

Front 62

The conflicting results of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of aging and intelligence are of greatest relevance to
the issue of

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concrete or formal operational thought.

Front 63

As boys with explosive tempers grow older, they are especially likely to have difficulty maintaining good jobs and
happy marriages. This fact is most relevant to the issue of

Back 63

stability or change

Front 64

Human personality shows the greatest stability during

Back 64

adulthood