Psych 7A: Chapter 3

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Behaviorism encouraged psychologists to ignore the study of

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consciousness.

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After 1960, the study of consciousness had been revived by psychologists' renewed interest in

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mental processes

Front 3

The interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with our mental processes is known as

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cognitive neurosciences

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Brain damage left one woman unable to recognize the width of a block even though she could grasp it with just the right
finger-thumb distance. This unusual case illustrates the importance of our normal capacity for

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dual processing

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Unconscious information processing is more likely than conscious processing to

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occur simultaneously on several tracks.

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You typically fail to consciously perceive that your own nose is in your line of vision. This best illustrates

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selective attention

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The ability to pay attention to only one voice at a time is called

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cocktail effect

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Standing in the checkout line at the grocery store, Jerry kept looking at his watch to see the time. As a result, he failed to
see that a store employee was being robbed by a person just in front of him. Jerry most clearly suffered

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inattentional blindness

Front 9

The impact of circadian rhythms is best illustrated by

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fluctuations in energy level and alertness across the span of a day.

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Cindi prefers to take exams in the late afternoon rather than during the morning, because her energy level and ability to
concentrate are better at that time. Her experience most likely reflects the influence of the

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circadian rhythms

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After four years of working nights, Raymond now works days. His present difficulty in getting to sleep at night is most
likely due to a disruption of his normal

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circadian rhythms

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When people are experiencing vivid dreams

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their eyes are likely to move under their closed eyelids

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After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and
irregular, and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth. Carlos was most likely experiencing

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REM sleep

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Feli has been asleep for three hours. As he continues to sleep, we can expect that

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Stage 4 sleep will diminish and that REM sleep will increase in duration.

Front 15

Chronic sleep debt is most likely to promote

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obesity

Front 16

Insomnia is a disorder involving

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recurring difficulty in falling or staying asleep.

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Eighty-year-old Mrs. West feels she has trouble falling asleep at night. She typically gets only 6 hours of sleep every 24
hours. What should she do about this?

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relax and remind herself that her sleep patterns are normal

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The disorder involving uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming sleepiness is known as

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sleep apnea

Front 19

Sleep apnea is a disorder involving

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periodic uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming sleepiness

Front 20

Mr. Dayton occasionally stops breathing while sleeping. He wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back
to sleep. Mrs. Dayton complains that her husband snores. Clearly, Mr. Dayton suffers from

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sleep apnea

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About three hours after he falls asleep, Bobby often sits up in bed screaming incoherently. His mother tries to awaken
him, but with no success. The next morning, he remembers nothing. It appears that Bobby suffers from

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night terrors

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Which sleep disorder is more likely to be experienced by children than by adults?

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night terrors

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According to Freud, the manifest content of a dream refers to the

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remembered story line of a dream

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When dreamers' faces were lightly sprayed with cold water, they were more likely than other dreamers to experience

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dreams about water.

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According to Freud, the personally threatening and censored meaning of a dream is its

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latent content

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Josef, a high school student, tells his therapist that he has had a recurring dream in which he hunts and kills a ferocious
tiger. The therapist explains that the dream reflects Josef's unresolved feelings of hostility toward his father. According
to Freud, the therapist is revealing the possible ________ content of Josef's dream.

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dissociated

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The activation-synthesis theory best helps to explain why

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people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep

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As a participant in a sleep-research study for the past three nights, Tim has been repeatedly disturbed during REM sleep.
Tonight, when allowed to sleep undisturbed, Tim will likely experience

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an increased REM sleep

Front 29

Twenty-two-year-old Felicia scores high in hypnotic responsiveness as measured by the Stanford Hypnotic
Susceptibility Scale. Research suggests that Felicia may also have

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a rich fantasy life

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People are particularly responsive to hypnosis if they

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strongly expect that they can be hypnotized.

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Research indicates that memories retrieved during hypnosis are

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a combination of fact and fiction

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Research has indicated that hypnosis

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enables some people to undergo surgery without anesthesia

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Hypnotized people are no more likely to perform dangerous acts than those who are asked to simulate hypnosis. This
fact is most consistent with

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dissociation theory

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. People hypnotized for pain relief may show activity in brain areas that receive pain sensations but not in brain areas that
make us consciously aware of the pain. This most directly supports the theory that hypnosis involves

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dissociation

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Alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and a wide variety of other chemical agents that alter perceptions and moods are called

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pyschoactive drugs

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To relieve her job-related stress, Jessica has several cocktails every night. Jessica's drinking is an indication of

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psychological dependence

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Which of the following provides a clear indication of physical dependence?

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withdrawal symptoms

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The three main categories of psychoactive drugs are depressants, stimulants, and

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hallucinogens

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Which of the following drugs is classified as a stimulant?

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nicotine

Front 40

The world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug is

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caffiene

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Which of the following drugs is most likely to produce a euphoric high and feelings of social intimacy?

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Ecstasy

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The best predictor of an adolescent's pattern of drug usage is whether the adolescent

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has close friends who use drugs

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As oxygen deprivation just prior to death turns off the brain's inhibitory cells, neural activity increases in the

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visual cortex

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Participants in a sexual stimulation study who mistakenly thought they had consumed alcohol were more likely to report
having strong sexual fantasies and feeling guilt-free than those who thought they had not consumed alcohol. This study
best illustrated the impact of

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user expectations

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LSD is most likely to produce

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hallucinations