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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sensation |
process by which physical energy from the environment is detected by the sense receptors and the enncoded as neural signals |
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Perception |
Process by which we organize and interpret the sensory information, allowing us to give mean to objects and events |
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Psychophysics |
the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli and our psychological experience of them |
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Absolute Threshold |
the minimum stimulation required to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time |
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Difference Threshold |
- the minimum difference a person can detect between any two stimuli 50% of the time Weber's Law - to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion of that stimulus |
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Transduction |
converting one form of energy to another. i.e. converting stimulus energies into neural impulses that our brains can interpret |
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Vision & the eye |
color determined by wavelength, intensity by wave amplitude. cornea - where light enters. focuses pupil - small adjustable opening iris - colored muscle, controls entering light lens - focuses incoming rays onto retina retina - light-sensitive inner surface light rays focus fovea - central focal pt of retina fovea - centeral focal pt of retina |
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Duplex Theory of vision |
cones - color vision, high levels of illumination rods - B&W, night vision. rods have more visual pigment, many rods converge on 1 bipolar cell (less detail) peripheral retina - area outside fovea, all rods and many cones fovea - some cones, no rods |
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Young- Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory |
RGB receptors. |
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Opponent-Process Theory |
see with R/G, B/Y, B/W |
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Sound |
sound wave = repeating pattern of air pressure traveling thru air; freq = pitch, amplitude = loudness place theory = diff parts of ear responsive to diff pitches Frequency theory - nerve impulses triggered @ same rate as freq of sound wave volley principle - higher rates of firing if neural cells work together & alternate firing |
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Prceptual organization |
Gestalt psychologists - in perception, the whole is more than the sum of its parts. |
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Figure and Ground Group Principles |
Figure and ground - separate object from its surroundings Group Principles - objects that are near/similar tend to be grouped together. Continuity - lines and patterns tend to be perceived as cont into space Connectedness - things that are connected tend to be seen as single unit closure - brain fills in gaps to perceive complete form |
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Depth Perception |
judging distance from the objects we sense binocular (requires both eyes) convergence - turning eyes inward = eye muscles move. more convergence / object is close. less convergence = object far disparity - difference in lateral separation btwn 2 objects. the more disparity, the farther the object monocular - (one eye) relative size interposition or "overlap" relative height linear perspective motion parallax (farther objects appear to move w/ when we travel) |
