Chapter 28- Ap2 -The Female Reproductive System

Front 1

The female reproductive tract develops from the ___ ducts

Back 1

paramesonephric

Front 2

The internal genitalia consists of the __
The external genitalia consists of the __

Back 2

uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina

clitoris, labia minora, and labia majora

Front 3

ovarian ligament is attached to the __ by __

Back 3

pelvic wall
suspensory ligament

Front 4

what is the capsule containing the ovaries?

Back 4

tunica albuginea

Front 5

uterine tube is also called the __.
10 cm long with ciliated cells

Back 5

fallopian tube (isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, and fimbrae)

Front 6

__ is a thick-walled, pear-shaped muscular chamber opening into vagina and tilted forward over the urinary bladder

Back 6

uterus (fundus, body, cervix)

Front 7

The cervical canal connects ___ to ___

Back 7

lumen to the vagina

Front 8

The cervical glands secretes?

Back 8

mucus and are thought to prevent the spread of microorganisms

Front 9

List the 3 layers of the uterine wall

Back 9

perimetrium- external serosa
myometrium- middle muscular layer
endometrium- thick outer layer

Front 10

During pregnancy the ___ is the site of attachment of the embyro

Back 10

endometrium

Front 11

__ lubricates the vagina; “vaginal sweating”; serous fluid through the walls

Back 11

transudation

Front 12

Vaginal epithelium:
as a child?
after puberty?

Back 12

simple cuboidal

stratified squamous

Front 13

__ is the blind-ended spaces formed from the vagina extend slightly beyond the cervix

Back 13

fornices

Front 14

What is the external genitalia?

Back 14

vuvla

Front 15

Mons pubis?
Labia majora?
Labia minora?

Back 15

1. mound of fat; bears public hair
2. pubic hair and adipose tissue
3. medial; hairless

Front 16

Clitoris?

Back 16

erectile, sensory organ
homologous to glans penis

Front 17

Vestibular bulbs?

Back 17

erectile tissue around vagina

Front 18

What muscle does the breast overly?

Back 18

pectoralis major

Front 19

What is the colored surrounding area of the nipple?

Back 19

areola

Front 20

__ is the feminizing hormones with widespread effects on the body (estradiol, estriol, and estrone)

Back 20

estrogen

Front 21

__ is the hormone that stimulates follicles to secrete estrogen & progesterone

Back 21

FSH

Front 22

thelarche?
pubarche?
menarche?

Back 22

1. development of breast
2. growth of pubic & axillary hair, apocrine & sebaceous glands
3. first menstrual period (anovulatory when no egg is ovulated)

Front 23

__ stimulates many other changes in puberty; its causes the vaginal metaplasia

Back 23

estradiol

Front 24

__ and __ suppress FSH and LH secretion through negative feedback

Back 24

Estrgoens and progesterone

Front 25

Climacteric?

Back 25

menopause; the cessation of menstruation

Front 26

__ is the sequence of events from fertilization to giving birth
__ is the events recurring every month when pregnancy does not occur

Back 26

reproductive cycle

sexual cycle

Front 27

__ is any stage from the primary oocyte to the time of fertilization

Back 27

egg or ovum

Front 28

Egg production is called?

Back 28

oogenesis

Front 29

What hormone stimulates the completion of meiosis I?

Back 29

FSH

Front 30

__ is the maturation of the ovarian follicles

Back 30

follculogenesis

Front 31

How many days does the sexual cycle last?

Back 31

28 days

Front 32

What is the hierarchy of control for the sexual cycle?

Back 32

hypothalamus
pituitary
ovaries
uterus

Front 33

What are the 3 principle stages of the ovarian cycle?

Back 33

Follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase

Front 34

corpus luteum?

Back 34

forms from the remainder of the follicle; stimulates the endometrial to thicken

Front 35

menstrual phase?
preovulatory phase?
ovulation?
luteal phase?
premenstral phase?

Back 35

days 1-5
days 7-13
day 14
days 15-28
day 27

Front 36

What hormone spikes during ovulation?

Back 36

LH

Front 37

__ is the rupture of the mature follicle and the release of its egg and attendant cells typically around day 14

Back 37

ovulation; stigma appears on ovarian surface

Front 38

Fimbriae?

Back 38

catches the egg

Front 39

During the ovulation, what changes occur?

Back 39

cervical mucus becomes thinner and more stretchy; temp rises; LH spikes

Front 40

mittelschmerz?

Back 40

ovarian pain during ovulation

Front 41

What occurs during excitement?

Back 41

uterus stands more vertically, vagina dialtes, vasocongestion in labia minora and majora, moistens

Front 42

What occurs during plateau?

Back 42

uterus is tented and cervix is withdrawn from vagina, vagina constricts penis, clitoris is engorged, labia is red

Front 43

What occurs during orgasm?

Back 43

sphincters constrict

Front 44

What occurs during resolution?

Back 44

uterus returns to original position;
cervix may dip to semen, relaxation

Front 45

Paraurethral glands is homologous to __ and is known as __

Back 45

the prostate
“female ejaculation”

Front 46

Gestation?

Back 46

pregnancy; lasts an average of 266 days from conception to childbirth

Front 47

Term?
Trimester?

Back 47

the duration of pregnancy
3 month intervals

Front 48

__ is all products of conception; embryo, fetus, placenta, and associated membrane

Back 48

conceptus

Front 49

__ is less than 2 weeks old
__ is from 3 to 8 weeks old
__ is 9 weeks to birth
a newborn up to 6 weeks old is called a __

Back 49

blastocyst
embryo
fetus
neonate

Front 50

What are the hormones of pregnancy?

Back 50

estrogen, progesterone, HCG, and HCS

Front 51

Human chorionic gonadotropin is the hormone that detects?

secreted by?

Back 51

pregnancy

trophoblast

Front 52

Corpus luteum is the source of nutrients until ___ takes over

Back 52

the placenta

Front 53

What changes occur during pregnancy?

Back 53

pituitary and thyroid gland increase by 50%; parathyroid glands enlargen; aldosterone raises fluid retention; relaxin

Front 54

Placenta stores nutrients prior to 3rd trimester; there is a high demand for?

Back 54

protein, iron, calcium & phosphates, extra iron during late pregnancy, vitamin K and D, folic acid (spina bifida)

Front 55

chloasma?

Back 55

mask of pregnancy; dark marks

Front 56

__ is the process of giving birth by means of contraction of mother’s uterine & abdominal muscles

Back 56

Parturition

Front 57

Braxton hicks?

Back 57

false labor

Front 58

What hormone stimulates contraction?

Back 58

estrogen

Front 59

What is this?
cervical stretching -> oxytocin secretion -> uterine contraction -> cervical stretching

Back 59

positive feedback cycle increasing contractions

Front 60

What is the pain of labor mainly due to?

Back 60

ischemia of the myometrium

Front 61

Episoiotomy?

Back 61

is the incision in vaginal orifice to prevent random tearing

Front 62

What are the 3 stages of labor?

Back 62

1. dilation- cervical widening
2. expulsion- vasa maneuver
3. placental stage- placenta detaches

Front 63

primipara?
multipara?

Back 63

first baby
more than one baby

Front 64

What is the 6 weeks after delivery?

Back 64

puerperium; mothers anatomy returns to normal (involution is the shrinkage of the uterus)

Front 65

What forms in late pregnancy?

Milk synthesis is promoted by?

Back 65

colostrum; similar to breast milk, thinner, contains IgA

prolactin (from the pituitary)