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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is hematology?
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the study of the blood
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List 3 functions of the circulatory system
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1. transports O2, CO2, and nutrients
2. protects- inflammation, cancer cells 3. regulation- fluid balance, stabilize pH , temp control |
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What is viscosity?
What is osmolarity? |
resistance to flow
total molarity of dissolved particles |
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hematocrit
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centrifuging to separate components of the blood; plasma, buffy coat (WBC), then RBC
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What does the plasma do?
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ensures the blood can flow through the body; liquid portion of the blood
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3 plasma proteins:
albumins globulins fibrinogen |
1. help viscosity and osmolarity
2. antibodies; immune system 3. precursor of fibrin to form blood clots |
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What is found in the plasma?
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nitrogenous compounds
nutrients dissolved O2 and CO2 electrolytes |
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What is hypoporteinemia?
What is kwashiorkor? |
deficiency of plasma protein
children with severe protein deficiency |
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Hemopoiesis?
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production of blood, usually the formed elements
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Characteristics of erythrocytes
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disc-shaped, lacks mitochondria, nucleus, and DNA, also contains hemoglobin to transport gases like oxygen
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What is Fe3+ and Fe2+?
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dietary iron
ferric and ferrous |
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What is the order of erythropoiesis?
(takes 3-5 days) |
erythrocyte colony forming unit
erythroblasts normoblasts reticulocyte |
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What is hypoxemia?
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a drop in RBC count that causes inadequate O2 in the liver
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What does 4 protein chains called globins and 4 heme groups create?
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hemoglobin
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What is polycythemia?
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an excess of RBC
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What is primary poleythemia due to?
What is secondary polyeythemia due to? |
1. cancer of erythropoietic cell in the red bone marrow
2. dehydration, emphysema, high altitude, or physical conditioning |
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What is anemia? and the causes?
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deficiency of RBCs
inadequate erythropoiesis or hemoglobin synthesis |
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What is pernicious anemia?
hypoplastic anemia? |
lack of nutrients
slowing of RBC production |
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aplastic anemia?
hemorrhagic anemia? hemolytic anemia? |
unknown
loss of blood RBC destruction |
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Consequences of anemia?
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tissue hypoxia and necrosis
low blood osmolarity low blood viscosity |
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What causes sickle-cell disease?
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a recessive allele that modifies the hemoglobin structure of the blood
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What does agglutination cause?
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clumping
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Blood types are based on interactions between ___ and ___
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antigens and antibodies
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Type A blood has type __ antigens and type __ antibodies
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A
B |
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Granulocytes
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1. Neutrophils - fights bacteria
2. Eosinophils - allergies 3. Basophils - histamines |
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Agranulocytes
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4. lymphocytes - antibodies
5. monocytes - phagocytosis; macrophages in the tissue |
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What is leukopenia?
leukocyosis? Leukemia? |
low WBC
high WBC (infection, allergy, disease) cancer of blood cells |
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Hemostasis?
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the controlling of bleeding; clotting
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What are platelets small fragments of?
What is the process? |
megakaryocyte (in the bone marrow)
thromobopoiesis |
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What is a vascular spasm?
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the constriction of a broken vessel; most immediate protection against blood loss
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What is coagullation?
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clotting, by use of procoagulants or clotting factors from the plasma
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Extrinsic pathway?
Intrinsic pathway? |
damaged vessels
platelet degranulation |
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What is fibrinolysis?
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dissolves clots
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Hemophilia?
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sex-lined recessive in males, physical exertion causes bleeding and pain
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What is a hematoma?
embolus? thrombosis? |
masses of clotted blood (bruise)
clot that breaks loose is in the blood stream abnormal clotting in unbroken vessel |
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Infarcation?
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tissue death if clot blocks blood supply to an organ
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