Chapter 21- Ap2 - Lymphatic System

Front 1

What does the lymphatic and immune system do?

Back 1

maintain fluid balance
protects body from infection and disease

Front 2

lymphatic capillaries

Back 2

closed at one end, epithelial cells overlap to allow bacteria and cells to enter

Front 3

3 functions of the lymphatic system

Back 3

1. immunity
2. lipid absorption
3. fluid recovery

Front 4

Layers of the lymphatic vessels:
tunica externa
tunica media
tunica interna

Back 4

1. thin outer layer
2. elastic fibers, smooth muscle
3. endothelium and valves

Front 5

2 collecting ducts of the lymph flow?

Back 5

right lymphatic duct
thoracic duct

Front 6

What are some characteristics of lymph flow?

Back 6

flows at low pressure and speed, moves by contractions of lymphatic vessels, aided by skeletal muscle pump

Front 7

(T/F) exercise increases lymphatic retun

Back 7

true

Front 8

T lymphocytes?

B lymphocytes?

Back 8

mature in the thymus

activation produces antibodies

Front 9

Antigen Presenting cells produce 3 kinds of cells?

Back 9

macrophages (from monocytes)
dendritic cells
reticular cells

Front 10

Peyer patches

Back 10

clusters found at the junction of small to large intestine

Front 11

lymphatic nodules

Back 11

dense oval masses of lymphocytes, respond to pathogens

Front 12

diffuse lymphatic tissue

Back 12

lymphocytes in mucous membrane and CT of many organs

Front 13

Lymph nodes are the only organ that filter __

Back 13

lymph

Front 14

Lymphatic organs:
Tonsils do what?
Thymus?
Spleen?

Back 14

1. guard entrance to pharynx
2. located between sternum and aortic arch
3. inferior to diaphragm

Front 15

____ is the collective term for all lymph node disease

Back 15

lymphadenopathy

Front 16

Lymphadenitis causes?

Back 16

swollen, painful nodes in response to foreign antigens

Front 17

3 tonsil locations
palatine
lingual
pharyngeal

Back 17

1. pair that is often infected, posterior margin of oral cavity
2. pair at root of the tongue
3. single tonsil on wall of pharynx

Front 18

Functions of the spleen?

Back 18

blood production in fetus, blood reservoir, RBC disposal, immune reactions (filters blood)

Front 19

Nonspecific defenses?
Specific defenses?

Back 19

broad defense with no prior exposure, external (fever, inflammation)
prior exposure, immune system

Front 20

Skin, mucus membranes, and subepithelial areolar tissue can act as a ____ for immunity defense

Back 20

external barrier

Front 21

____ is also a defense mechanism of the lymphatic system

Back 21

leukocytes: contains neutrophils, eusinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes

Front 22

___ are polypeptides secreted by cells that is invaded by a virus
have 2 effects

Back 22

interferons
1. antiviral effect
2. anticancer effect

Front 23

The __ system is groups of proteins in the blood that must be activated by pathogens to exert their effect

Back 23

complement

Front 24

-itits?

Back 24

inflammation of a specific organ

Front 25

What does inflammation do?

Back 25

responds to tissue injury, limits spread of pathogens and destroys them, removes debris, start tissue repair

Front 26

Damaged cells stimulate ____

Back 26

vasodilation, increased permeability of blood capillaries (allows anitbodies into the tissue), and clotting

Front 27

Diapedesis?

Margination?

Back 27

when leukocytes squeeze between endothelial cells to the tissue space

leukocytes adhere to blood vessel wall

Front 28

What is the route of the tissue fluid back to the blood stream?

Back 28

lymphatic capillaries
collection vessels
six lymphatic trunks
two collecting ducts
subclavian veins

Front 29

What are the three types of lymphatic cells?

Back 29

natural killer (NK), T, B lymphocytes

Front 30

Hemopoiesis

Back 30

the forming of bone marrow (blood formation and immunity)

Front 31

What happens to the thymus with age?

What systems is it part of?

Back 31

shrinks, reduced blood flow

endocrine, lymphatic, immune

Front 32

the spleen is the bodies larges ____ organ and is a ____ graveyard

Back 32

lymphatic
erythrocyte (RBCs)

Front 33

3 lines of defense against pathogens

Back 33

1. skin, mucus, external (NS)
2. leukocytes, macrophages (NS)
3. immune system, memory (S)

Front 34

What is it called when cells are infected with viruses?

Back 34

interferons

Front 35

What cells is in control of immune surveillance?

Back 35

natural killer cells (NK)

Front 36

____ is the abnormal elevation of body temperature

Back 36

fever, pyrexia, or febrile

Front 37

What are the 'fever producing agents'?

Back 37

exogenous pyrogens

Front 38

What gives the hypothalamus a 'set point' for the body to rise the temperature?

Back 38

endogenous pyrogens

Front 39

___ is dead cells, other issue debris, and tissue fluid that forms a yellowish fluid; accumulates in a cavity called an ___

Back 39

pus

abscess

Front 40

___ inhibits viral replication

Back 40

interferons

Front 41

Secondary response to pathogens is called?

Back 41

anamestic response- so quick that the body has no noticeable illness

Front 42

___ are failure of self-tolerance; the immune system fails to recognize self antigens from foreign ones and produces __ that attacks its own tissue

Back 42

autoimmune disease

autoantibodies

Front 43

The only lymphatic organ with both afferent and efferent lymphatic vessel is ___

Back 43

a lymph node

Front 44

Which cells are involved in non-specific resistance but not specific?

Back 44

NKC

Front 45

The respiratory burst is used by __ to kill bacteria

Back 45

neutrophils

Front 46

Give an example of a macrophage

Back 46

microglial cell

Front 47

The cytolytic action of the complement system is most similar to the action of ____

Back 47

IgE

Front 48

___ becomes antigenic by binding to larger host molecules

Back 48

haptens

Front 49

What are the 4 signs of inflammation?

Back 49

redness, swelling, heat, pain

Front 50

A helper t cell can only bind to another cell that has ___

Back 50

MHC-II proteins

Front 51

any organism capable of causing disease is called __

Back 51

pathogen

Front 52

What is the antibacterial enzyme in mucous membranes called?

Back 52

lysozyme

Front 53

Swollen and painful lymph nodes

Back 53

lymphadenitis

Front 54

What is the chemical produced by leukocytes to stimulate other leukocytes?

Back 54

interleukons

Front 55

The movement of leukocytes through a capillary wall is called?

Back 55

diapedesis