Ap2 Chapter 21 Lymphatic & Immune System

Front 1

Where do the thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct drain

Back 1

into junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins

Front 2

What drains into the right lymphatic duct?

Back 2

Rt. arm, rt sid of thorax and head

Front 3

When are specific immune mechanisms invoked

Back 3

only when the nonspecific defenses have been evaded or bypassed

Front 4

Innate (nonspecific) defenses

Back 4

Comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms, in a non-specific manner including chemical (acid pH, lysozyme), microbiological (normal flora) and physical (skin, mucus, cilia).

Front 5

Humoral Mechanisms

Back 5

The aspect of immunity that is mediated by secreted antibodies (as opposed to cell-mediated immunity which involves T lymphocytes), produced in the cells of the B lymphocyte lineage (B cell). Secreted antibodies bind to antigens on the surfaces of invading microbes (such as viruses or bacteria), which flags them for destruction.[1] Humoral immunity is called as such, because it involves substances found in the humours, or body fluids.

Front 6

Cellular Mechanisms of inflammation

Back 6

include direct release of mediators by damaged cells (ex: release of histamine from tissue mast cells) and ingestion of particles by phagocytic cells (macrophages and neutrophils)

Front 7

Specific Immune System

Back 7

1. Recognition (Specific; Has Memory)
2.Amplification wh is due to : Cell Div & Activation of Enzyme Cascade
3. Regulation or control.
4. Effector Mechanisms by wh foreign structures are actually eliminated: killer T cells,

Front 8

Physiologic Hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy (PHGGI)

Back 8

Low IgG levels that are normally seen between three and 12 months of age. This is normal, occurring in all infants, the susceptibility of infection is high during this time.

Front 9

Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of childhood

Back 9

When low IgG levels persist for up to 2-3 years of age. This is not normal.

Front 10

Immunoglobulin

basic structure

Back 10

Monomer
4 polypeptid chain w/ 2 light chains & 2 identical heavy chains

Front 11

What kind of bond holds heavy and light chains together and also the heavy chains together

Back 11

Disulfide bond

Front 12

How many antigen binding sights on a basic monomer?

Back 12

2 (valence of 2)

Front 13

2 hand catch

Back 13

both heavy and light chains contribute to antigen binding

Front 14

IgG Structure

Back 14

Dominant antibody in internal secretions of the body (blood, CSG, Lymph).
-Variable regions found near end of both heavy and light chain

Front 15

V(L) and C(L)

Back 15

Variable , Light chain and Constant, Light chain = 2 domains on the light chain of the IgG monomer

Front 16

V(H), C(H1), C(H2), C(H3)

Back 16

Variable, heavy chain and Constant, heavy 1, constant heavy 2, constant heavy 3. Therefore the heavy chain of IgG has 4 domains

Front 17

IgG Functions

Back 17

1-specifically binds antigen
2 -activates complement
3-is an opsonin (coats particles so it is recognized by phagocytic cells)
4-mediates Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytoxicity (ADCC)
5-actively transported across placenta. Prod'n up to 1 year. Other Ig's don't cross.
6-Highest concentration in the blood.
7-Late arrival. 2nd appearing in the 1st immune response

Front 18

IgM Structure/Function

Back 18

Pentamer; 10 receptor sights; 5 heavy/light chain pairs; All chains symetrical and bind same Ab; 1st Ab to appear in immune response; Ag receptor for the B cell (this is how lymphocyte recog's Ag)

Front 19

IgA Structure/Function

Back 19

The major Ab in external secretions of body (tears, sweat, saliva, breast milk; GI secretions (bile), mucus of respiratory tract and urogenital tract

Front 20

IgA

Back 20

-neutralizes bacterial exotoxins
-neutralizes viruses
-prevents bacterial adherence to mucosal epithelium

Front 21

IgD Structure/Function

Back 21

found on surface of B lymphocytes where it acts as a B cell Ag receptor
-marker for Mature B Cells
-Exists ONLY as a monomer.

Front 22

IgE Structure/Function

Back 22

-primarily assiciated w/ allergic and anti parasitic responses
-Exists ONLY as a monmer.

Front 23

Isotype

Back 23

refers to the class of an antibody heavy chain or light chain. IgM, IgE, IgA--are all examples of different isotypes

Front 24

Allotype

Back 24

refers to a gentically determined difference in a molecule between two members of the same species

Front 25

Idiotype

Back 25

refers to the individual, unique differences between antibodies of different antigen-binding specificities.

Front 26

Immunocompetence

Back 26

the ability to specifically recognize foreign antigens and (just as imp) become tolerant (specifically unresponsive) to self structure