Ap2 Chapter 23 Urinary-Renal System

Front 1

kidney functions:

Back 1

regulate volume & composition of blood, blood pressure, and some aspects of metabolism

Front 2

Kidneys are retroperitoneal

Back 2

behind the abdominal cavity, attached to the posterior abdominal wall

Front 3

Kidney Gross Structure

Back 3

renal capsule, renal cortex, renal medulla renal pyramid, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter

Front 4

Blood Supply to Kidney

Back 4

heart>renal artery>afferent arteriole>glomerulus(capillary)>efferent arteriole>peritubular capillaries & vasa recta>interlobular>arcuate>interlobar>segmental veins>renal vein

Front 5

Nerve supply to kidney

Back 5

Vasomotor nerves from the SYMPATHETIC branch of the autonomic nervous system supply kidney blood vessels & help regulate renal blood pressure

Front 6

Nephron

Back 6

Functional unit of kidney. Consists of glomerulus and Bowman's capsule and a renal tubule (PCT, Loop of Henley, DCT, collecting duct.

Front 7

Cortical Nephron

Back 7

p 901; has glomerulus in outer third of cortex & short loop that dips only into outer region of medula

Front 8

Juxtamedullary nephron

Back 8

glomerulus deep in the cortex near the medulla and a long loop of Henle that stretches through the medulla

Front 9

juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)

Back 9

juxtaglomerular cells of an afferent arteriole and the MACULA DENSA of a renal tubule

Front 10

Macula Densa

Back 10

Detects changes in BP and secretes Renin when BP falls

Front 11

Glomerular Filtration

Back 11

Nephrons regulate BP & composition & subsequently form urine by:
1. Glomerular Filtration; 2. Tubular Reabsorption. & 3. Tubular Secretion

Front 12

Glomular Filtration Rate

Back 12

180 L per day

125 ml/min

Front 13

GBHP (glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure)

Back 13

promotes glomerular filtration

Front 14

GBHP
CHP
BCOP
NFP (net filtration pressure)

Back 14

Glomerular Blood Hydrostatic Pressure
Capsular Hydrostatic Pressure
Blood Colloid Osmotic Pressure
NFP = GBHP - (CHP+BCOP)

Front 15

Tubular Reabsorption

Back 15

reclaims materials from tubular fluid and returns the to the bloodstream.
(water, GLUCOSE, amino acids, Na+,K, and HCO3

Front 16

Tubular Secretion

Back 16

substances not needed by the body are removed from the blood & discharged into the urine (K, H, NH4, urea, creatine, drugs)

Front 17

Kidney helps maintain blood pH

Back 17

by secreting H+ ind increasing or decreasing HCO3 production

Front 18

Absence of ADH

Back 18

Kidneys produce dilute urine;
Renal tubules absorb more solutes than water.

Front 19

Presence of ADH

Back 19

kidneys secrete concentrated urine, b/c lg amounts of water are reabsorbed from the tubular fluid into interstitial fluid

Front 20

Renal Clearance

Back 20

ability of kidneys to remove a specific substance from blood.

Front 21

Hemodialysis

Back 21

Filtering blood through a kidney machine that cleanses the blood of wastes and adds nutrients is called hemodialysis.

Front 22

CAPD

Back 22

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (portable method of dialysis).

Front 23

Ureters

Back 23

Retroperitoneal; Transport urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder,

Front 24

What causes prod'n of Angiotensin II

Back 24

Low blood volume or low BP stimulates RENIN-INDUCED prod of Angiotensin II, which will then increase bl volume or BP

Front 25

What causes incr Aldosterone

Back 25

incr angiotensin II level and incr. level of K+ promote release of aldosterone by adrenal cortex, which will in turn increase BP

Front 26

What causes incr. ADH

Back 26

Incr osmolarity of extracellular fluid; or incr angiotensin II level promote release of ADH from pituitary, which will increase BP

Front 27

What causes secretion of Atrial Natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Back 27

Stretching of atria of heart stimulates ANP secretion, which 1. Incr excretion of Na+ in urine; 2. incr uring output and thus decr bl volume that decr BP.

Front 28

Physical characteristics evaluated in a urinalysis

Back 28

color, odor turbidity, pH, specific gravity.

Urine is normally acidic

Front 29

Acute Glomerulonephritis (Bright's disease)

Back 29

inflamm of kidney the involves the glomeruli. Caused by strptococci bacteria that has infected another part of body

Front 30

Nephrotic Syndrome

Back 30

1. proteinuria
2. edema
3. hypertension
4. hyperlipidemia

Front 31

Renal Failure

Back 31

decr r cessation of glomerular filtration with a decr or lack of urinary output

Front 32

PKD; Polycystic kidney disease

Back 32

most common inherited disorder of the kidneys. Kidney tubules become riddled with cysts

Front 33

DI

Back 33

excretion of lg volume of very dilute urine; Defect in prod of ADH, or an insensitivity of the principal cells in renal collecting ducts to stimulation by ADH

Front 34

Loop of Henle

Back 34

allow it to act as a countercurrent multiplier.

Front 35

Without ADH, Loop of Henle is

Back 35

completely impermeable to water and the dilute fluid leaving the loop of Henle becomes hypotonic urine. ADH allows for passive reabsorption of water