Register to read the introduction…
Kidney: Major Functions ✓ C-ontrols electrolyte and fluid balance ✓ R-egulates homeostasis of blood and acid-base balance ✓ R-egulates RBC production ✓ E-liminates end products of metabolism, ✓ S-ecretes renin, parathyroid hormones and Vitamin D
[pic]
The Kidney:
Nephron
• Functional unit of the kidney that produces urine by filtration
Blood Supply of the Kidney • Renal artery- branch of the abdominal aorta
• Renal vein- drains into the inferior vena cava
The Ureters • 2 long slender tubes 25-35cms long that extends from the renal pelvis to pelvic cavity where they enter the bladder and propels urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder • Has smooth muscles and transitional epithelium and a uterovesical valve that prevents backflow of urine into ureters • Has innervations from the sympathetic and parasympathetic
The Urinary …show more content…
normal is clear yellow or amber 2. straw colored = diluted 3. highly colored = concentrated urine due to insufficient fluid intake 4. cloudy or smoky = infection, spermatozoa 5. red or red brown = hematuria, bleeding or drugs and food 6. yellow-brown or green-brown = obstructive jaundice or lesion from bile duct 7. dark-brown or black = malignant melanoma or leukemia • pH 1. maintain normal hydrogen ion concentration in plasma and ECF 2. must be measured in fresh urine because the breakdown of urine to ammonia causes urine to become …show more content…
Assess the venipuncture site for bleeding 3. Monitor urinary output 4. Instruct the client to drink at least 1 L of fluid unless contraindicated 5. Monitor for signs of a possible allergic reaction to the dye used during the test
Renal Angiography • The injection of a radiopaque dye through a catheter for examination of the renal arterial supply
INTERVENTIONS: Pre-Procedure 1. Obtain an informed consent 2. Assess the client for allergies to iodine, seafood, and radiopaque dyes 3. Inform the client about the possible burning feeling along the vessel when the dye is used 4. Withhold food and fluids after midnight on the night before the test 5. Instruct the client to void immediately before the procedure 6. Administer enemas as prescribed 7. Shave injection sites as prescribed 8. Assess and mark the peripheral pulses
INTERVENTIONS: Post-Procedure 1. Assess vital signs and peripheral pulses 2. Provide bed rest and use of a sandbag at the insertion site for 4 to 8 hours 3. Assess the color and temperature of the involved extremity 4. Inspect the catheter insertion site for bleeding or swelling 5. Encourage increased fluids unless
[pic]
The Kidney:
Nephron
• Functional unit of the kidney that produces urine by filtration
Blood Supply of the Kidney • Renal artery- branch of the abdominal aorta
• Renal vein- drains into the inferior vena cava
The Ureters • 2 long slender tubes 25-35cms long that extends from the renal pelvis to pelvic cavity where they enter the bladder and propels urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder • Has smooth muscles and transitional epithelium and a uterovesical valve that prevents backflow of urine into ureters • Has innervations from the sympathetic and parasympathetic
The Urinary …show more content…
normal is clear yellow or amber 2. straw colored = diluted 3. highly colored = concentrated urine due to insufficient fluid intake 4. cloudy or smoky = infection, spermatozoa 5. red or red brown = hematuria, bleeding or drugs and food 6. yellow-brown or green-brown = obstructive jaundice or lesion from bile duct 7. dark-brown or black = malignant melanoma or leukemia • pH 1. maintain normal hydrogen ion concentration in plasma and ECF 2. must be measured in fresh urine because the breakdown of urine to ammonia causes urine to become …show more content…
Assess the venipuncture site for bleeding 3. Monitor urinary output 4. Instruct the client to drink at least 1 L of fluid unless contraindicated 5. Monitor for signs of a possible allergic reaction to the dye used during the test
Renal Angiography • The injection of a radiopaque dye through a catheter for examination of the renal arterial supply
INTERVENTIONS: Pre-Procedure 1. Obtain an informed consent 2. Assess the client for allergies to iodine, seafood, and radiopaque dyes 3. Inform the client about the possible burning feeling along the vessel when the dye is used 4. Withhold food and fluids after midnight on the night before the test 5. Instruct the client to void immediately before the procedure 6. Administer enemas as prescribed 7. Shave injection sites as prescribed 8. Assess and mark the peripheral pulses
INTERVENTIONS: Post-Procedure 1. Assess vital signs and peripheral pulses 2. Provide bed rest and use of a sandbag at the insertion site for 4 to 8 hours 3. Assess the color and temperature of the involved extremity 4. Inspect the catheter insertion site for bleeding or swelling 5. Encourage increased fluids unless