Constitutionalism

org/docview/274295195?accountid=9817. “Shield Law.” A Dictionary of Journalism, by Tony Harcup, Oxford University Press, 2014, doi:10.1093/acref/9780199646241.001.0001. Smith, Dean C. A Theory of Shield Laws: Journalists, Their Sources, and Popular Constitutionalism. LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC,…

The 1905-1911 Iranian Constitutional Movement stands as one of the most significant events in the Middle East history, particularly in the history of Iran. This movement showed the desire of Iranians for freedom, dignity, equity, and independence. Despite the years of political and economic issues of Qajar period, Iranians tried to shift the policies of their government in the benefit of the people. During the Pahlavi period, Iranians achieved a relative modernization and development. However,…

Federalism: A Unique Feature of American Constitutionalism There are three forms of government systems that countries choose to implement. Most of them are unitary governments, where most of the power resides in the central government. The second form includes a confederation, where the government is weak and power is in the hands of the individuals; the United States began as a confederation, but they are rare today. The third system that the United States implements is the federalist…

The Adaptation of the Middle East, Asia, and Africa to the Divided World of the Cold War From 1945 to 1962 the number of nations on Earth quadrupled to around 200. These agrarian nations, emerging from colonialism, were forced to adapt to a world influenced by the Cold War and dominated economically by the United States and the Soviet Union. In an attempt to adapt to the divided world of the Cold War, the elites in these newly independent countries in the Middle East, Asia, and Africa came to…

The American state has become an overly complex bureaucracy. The myriad of checkpoints needed to go through in order to get anything done dissuades citizens from participating actively in politics. And participatory governance being a crucial aspect of a prospering democracy makes the problem of kludgeocracy ever the more pressing. The inevitability of this has its roots in the founding fathers’ concern over the limits of a central government and the responsibilities a truly representative…

Furthermore, his most important political view was he believed in democracy. Conversing with the Gentleman, Master Nankai said “Ah, democracy, democracy! Absolute monarchy is stupid. It is unaware of its faults. Constitutionalism is aware of its faults but has corrected only half of them. Democracy though is open and frank, without a speck of impurity in its heart,” (Chōmin, 1984, 50). Although, the Gentleman did not say that, in fact agreed with Master Nankai’s claim…

The great nation of the United States of America has been shaped by rebellions and revolutions since it was first colonized in the late 17th century. It is the brave men and women who speak up for liberty that keep the American spirit and constitutional freedom alive. Although it was rebellion and a revolution that broke America free from its mother country, they are the principles she was founded upon that spark rebellion and revolution against herself. One such principle is that the…

The judicial role of determining constitutionality looks like a seemingly simple process: the judge, an important part of the separation of powers, determines whether a law is in accordance with the constitution or not. In reality, the responsibility of the judicial system is far from that generalized perspective, and this is where the great debate begins. When interpreting the constitution, there are two distantly polar ways of reading it. There are originalists (Scalia and Bork) who contend…

Social inequality as pointed out by sociologists refers to the breach of socialism, which is essentially the expression of love, unity, and brotherhood that espouse the equal sharing of economic resources and services. The proliferation of constitutionalism marked the evolution of social systems to civilized social set up that guaranteed the non-subjective and inclinational/ favoritism in the regulation of methods of accessing and utilizing the social services and resources. Different social…

In Europe, during the seventeenth century, it was common to find monarchies. England and France had two different types of monarchy. Not all monarchies were constitutional in Europe. At the period of time it was easy to see Absolutism and Constitutionalism as a form of government. Most of the monarchs were men with the exception of England. Two important reigns were in Europe. One was in England with Queen Elizabeth I and the other one was in France with King Louis XIV. He became a King at the…