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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Frequent reflux of acid from the stomach into the distal oesophagus due to incompetence of the lower oesophageal sphincter results in erosive oesophagitis. Recurrent damage to the distal oesophagus by gastric acid may also result in the mucosa of the oesophagus changing to: a. Pseudo stratified squamous mucosa b. Columnar mucosa c. Ciliated columnar mucosa d. Stratified squamous mucosa e. Squamous mucosa |
- Columnar mucosa |
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Proton pump inhibitors act on the final common pathway of acid secretion by the parietal cell.Select one: a. 90% b. 100% c. 70% d. 60% e. 80% |
- 90% |
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There have been concerns regarding the safety of Proton Pump Inhibitor drugs in the long-term use due to their profound inhibition of acid secretion. The suppression of gastric acid secretion may increase susceptibility to:Select one: a. Reflective peptic ulcers b. Pernicious Anaemia c. Megaloblastic anaemia d. Stomach bleeding e. Enteric infection |
- enteric infection |
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The major cause of peptic ulcer disease of the duodenum and distal stomach is: Select one: a. Helicobacter Pylori infection b. Smoking c. Excessive use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) d. Alcohol e. Zollinger–Ellison Syndrome |
- Helicobacter Pylori infection |
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Sometimes part of the stomach squeezes up into the chest cavity through the openings in diaphragm. This condition is called:Select one: a. Hiatus hernia b. Ventral hernia c. Inguinal hernia d. Obstructed hernia e. Epigastric hernia |
- hiatus hernia |
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A rapid decrease in the response to a drug due to previous (long term) exposure to that drug is called:Select one: a. Drug withdrawal b. Drug dependence c. Drug tolerance d. Prophylaxis e. Tachyphylaxis |
- tachyphylaxis |
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Secretin is small intestinal hormone and there are many actions attributed to this hormone. Which of the following statements best describes the role of secretin?Select one: a. Enhances the actions of gastrin as a stimulant of gastric secretions b. Acts as an agent to cause satiety after a meal c. Acts as a potent activator of pancreatic enzyme action d. Stimulation of small intestinal motility e. Promotion of alkalinisation of the small intestinal contents |
- Promotion of alkalinisation of the small intestinal contents |
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Gastro-intestinal hormones and gastro-intestinal peptide neurotransmitters are often from related families of peptides and, as such, show considerable homology. As a consequence, they can reproduce each other’s actions, though with lesser potency.Which of the following hormones is a member of the gastrin family of peptides?Select one: a. Secretin b. Peptide YY c. Cholecystokinin d. Motilin e. Enteroglucagon |
- cholecystokinin |
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List 4 side-effects of PPIs |
- gastro-intestinal disturbances (e.g. nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain) - headache - gastro-intestinal infections (including Clostridium difficile infection) - fracture risk (esp. among elderly) |
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The liver can supply only 10% of the daily requirement for bile salts. The remainder thus has to be reabsorbed and re-circulated. Where is the major site of bile salt reabsorption?Select one: a. Colon b. Stomach c. Ileum d. Duodenum e. Jejunum |
- ileum |
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Give 2 potential complications which may occur after stopping use of PPIs |
-Rebound acid hypersecretion: increase in gastric acid secretion above pre-treatment levels following antisecretory therapy - protracted dyspepsia |
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Define tacyphylaxis |
- rapidly diminishing response to successive doses of a drug, rendering it less effective |
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Where is secretin produced? Where is it released? Secretin exerts its effects through which type of receptor? |
- S cells in the crypts of Lieberkühn in the small intestine - duodenum - G-protein coupled |
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What is the function of secretin (3)? |
- general function: neutralises acids from the stomach as they pass into the small intestine and inhibits HCl production in the stomach - stimulates acinar cells in the pancreas to release bicarbonate and water into the duodenum - inhibits the release of gastrin from parietal cells, reducing production of HCl and gastric motility |
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Where is cholecytokinin produced? Where is it released? What stimulates its secretion? |
- I cells in the duodenum - duodenum -the introduction of hydrochloric acid, amino acids, or fatty acids into the stomach or duodenum |
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What is the function of cholecytokinin (4)? |
- peptide hormone which stimulates the digestion of fat and protein - stimulates the gall bladder to contract and release bile into the small intestine - stimulates the pancreas to release pancreatic juice - may induce satiety |
