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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many layers are there in the GI tract?
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There are 4 layers.
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What are the names of the four layers in the GI tract?
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☺Mucosa
☺Submucosa ☺Muscularis Externa ☺Adventitia or Serosa |
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What are the sub layers of the Mucosa?
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☺Epithelium
☺Lamina propria ☺Muscularis mucosa |
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What type of epithelium is found in the epithelial layers of the mucosa?
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☺Stratified squamous at the ends of the GI tract
☺Simple columnar along most of the length |
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What tissues is the lamina propria comprised of?
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Loose connective tissue
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What tissue is the muscularis mucosa comprised of?
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Smooth muscle
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What tissues are found in the submucosa?
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☺Fibrous CT
☺Vascular ☺Lymphoid (GALT) ☺Neural (Meissner’s plexus) |
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What tissues are found in the muscularis externa?
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☺Smooth muscle
☺Neural (Auerbach’s myenteric plexus) |
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How many layers of muscle are there in the muscularis externa?
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☺Inner circular
☺Outer longitudinal |
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What tissue is the adventitia comprised of?
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☺Connective tissue
☺Mesothelium (when GI is suspended by mesentery) |
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How is the surface area of the stomach increased?
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The gastric surface is indented with gastric pits and gastric glands.
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What are the four major cell types found in the epithelium of the stomach?
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1.Mucous cells
2.Parietal cells 3.Gastric chief cells 4.Enteroendocrine cells |
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What substance do the mucous cells secrete?
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Mucus
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What substance do the parietal cells secrete?
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☺HCl
☺Intrinsic factor |
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What substance do the gastric chief cells secrete?
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Pepsinogen
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How is the mucosal surface area of the small intestines increased?
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The small intestines is augmented with villi and indented by glands (cypts).
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List the four main cell types found in the mucosal surface of the small intestines.
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1. Enterocytes
2. Goblet cells 3. Paneth cells 4. Enteroendocrine cells |
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Where are goblet, stem and Paneth cells found in the epithelial layer of the small intestines?
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These cells are found in the intestinal glands of the small intestines.
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What is the function of enterocytes in the small intestines?
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1. Absorption of Fat, CHO’s and Proteins
2. Terminal digestion 3. “Brush boarder enzymes” |
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What is the function of goblet cells in the small intestines?
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Mucus production for lubrication and protection
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How the distribution of goblet cells change down the small intestine?
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The number of goblet cells increases towards the distal end of the small intestines.
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What is the function of Paneth cells in the small intestines?
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Paneth cells produce bacterial lysozyme mostly in the ileum.
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What are the structural differences and similarities between the large and small intestine epithelial layers?
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1. The large intestines lack villi
2. The large intestines have intestinal glands 3. The large intestines have mostly goblet cells 4. The large intestines have fewer absorptive cells |
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What are enteroendocrine cells?
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Enteroendocine cells are cells that are found in the GI that secrete hormones.
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Where are enteroendocrine found in the GI?
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Enteroendocrine cells are:
1. Grouped together 2. Scattered throughout the GI 3. Polarized away from the lumen 4. Close to blood vessels |
