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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 layers of the GI tract?
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1. Mucosa (epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae)
2. Submucosa 3. Muscularis propria 4. Adventitia or serosa |
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What/Where are the 2 nerve plexi?
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1. Submucosal (meisners)
2. Between muscularis propria layers (auerbachs) |
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What is the epithelium type of the esphogus?
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Squamous
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What is the main function of the esophogus?
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Transport of food to the stomach
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Are glandular secretions seen in the esphogus?
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Little secretions from glands in the wall (minor salivary glands)
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Is absorption seen in esphogus?
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NO
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Are the squamous epithelium of the esphogus kerotinizing?
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NO
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What thickness of muscularis mucosa is seen in the esophagus?
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Relatively thick
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The normal transition between the esophagus and stomach appears to be the transition between what epithelial types?
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Between squamous epithelium and gastric mucosa
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What are the 3 regions in the stomach that have different arrangements of glands?
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1. Cardia
2. Corpus 3. Antrum |
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What is the mucosa that produces gastric acid?
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Oxyntic mucosa
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When looking up close at the gastric corpus, what are the opeings into the gastric wall?
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Gastric Pits
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What are the gastric pits lined by and what do they produce?
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Lined by foveolar epithelium which secrete mucin to protect from acid and digestive enzymes
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Which cells produce HCl in the stomach?
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Parietal cells
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Parietal cells are stimulated to produce acid by what?
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Histamine and gastrin
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Gastrin is secreted by what?
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antral neuroendcrine cells
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Gastrin acts directly on what cells?
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Parietal cells
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Gastrin stimulates what other cells in the corpus?
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Enterochromaffin like cells which secrete histamin
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What are the cells in the stomach that produce pepsinogen, gastric lipase, and rennin?
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gastric Chief cells
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Chiefs look like what histologically?
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Basophilic (blue)
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What is the area of transition between the esophagus and stomach called?
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Cardia
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In the gastric antrum, which glands are much reduced?
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Acid and enzyme producing glands
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What are the glandular elements in the gastric antrum?
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Mostly mucus secreting cells
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How is gastrin delievered to the parietal and ECL cells?
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Via the blood stream
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The SI has what to increase surface area?
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Villi and microvilli
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The small intestine has what kind of epithelium?
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Simple columnar
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What are the vessels in the lamina propria that absorb dietary lipids into the lymphatic system?
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Lymph Vessels (lacteals)
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What are the cells in the small intestine that provide phagocytosis and intracellular digestion of intestinal microorganisms? ***actually they secrete antimicrobial
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Paneth Cells
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Which glands (duodenum only) produce a mucus rich alkaline secretion containing bicarbonate?
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Brunner glands
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What are the 2 main functions of bicarbonate?
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1. Protection from gastric acid
2. Alcalization to allow digestive enzymes to work |
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what are the 2 main types of functions of the colon?
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1. Absorptive function of water and ions
2. Secretory: bicorb and mucus |
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What type of cells are located in the lamina propria in the colon?
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Mixed inflammatory cells
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What are the most predominant inflammatory cells seen in the colon?
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Lymphocytes and plasma cells
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Where are the location of the lymph vessels in the colon, what clinical significance does this have?
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Located right at the edge towards the muscularis mucosae and beneath it - why malignant colon changes don't metastasize outwards
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What is seen wrt to the density of paneth cells in the colon?
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Increase from proximal sites to distal sites (in the mucosa)
Seen in proximal 1/2 of colon |
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What is the lymphoid tissues associated with the gut?
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MALT - mucosa assoicated lymphoid tissue
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MALT protects from what?
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From the enormous quantity and variety of antigens
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Mucosal epithelial surfaces contain what cells that are involved in absorption, transport, processing, and presentation of antigens to subepithelial lymphoid cells?
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M cells
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Stimulation of B lymphocytes leads to the production of what within the peyers patch in the ileum?
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IgA and IgM
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IgA and IgM have what functions?
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Prevents adherence of bacteria and viruses to the epithelium, thus blocking entry to the subepithelial layers of the intestine
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What is the major effector mechanism of MALT?
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Direct secretion of IgA onto mucosal epithelia
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Does the esophogus have lymphoid tissue?
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usually NO significant tissue
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Does the stomach usually have lymphoid tissue?
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NO
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