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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List 6 factors that distinguish bacteria from eukarytoes |
single-celled most have cell walls usually lack organelles diverse metabolic requirements circular DNA with plasmids replicate through binary fission |
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Briefly describe the following; glycocalyx nucleoid pilus mesosome flagellum fimbriae inclusion/granule cell wall cell membrane ribosomes |
glycocalyx: gel-like coating outside of the cell wall. Serves protective, adhesive and receptor functions. nucleoid: houses DNA pilus: elongated, hollow apendage used for transferring DNA other cells, and for cell adhesion mesosome: an extension of the cell membrane which folds inward into the cytoplasm. Increases surface area. flagellum: rotating appendage used for motility. fimbriae: hair-like bristles used for adhesion. inclusion/granule: like vesicles. Store nutrients, such as fat, phosphate or glycogen for when needed. cell wall: semi-rigid casing. Provides shape and support for the cell. cell membrane: lipid layer controlling the transfer of materials in and out of the cell. ribosome: sites of protein synthesis |
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List 5 factors which distinguish Gram-negative bacteria from Gram-positive bacteria |
- 2 cell wall layers rather than 1 - thinner layer of peptidoglycan - has outer membrane while gram+ do not - have porin proteins - gram+ do not - higher quantity of lipids - retain safranin on staining, while gram+ retain crystal violet/iodine |
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Give 2 examples of the following; Gram+ cocci Gram- cocci Gram+ bacilli Gram- bacilli |
Gram+ cocci: Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pnueumoniae Gram- cocci: Neisseria meningiditis, Haemophilus influenzae Gram+ bacilli: Listeria monocytogens and Corynebacterium diphtheriae Gram- bacilli: Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. |
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List 5 techniques you might use to identify different bacteria |
staining and microscopy PCR serology biochemical tests culture |
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Draw a graph showing the different phases of bacterial growth, and briefly describe each phase |
Lag: little or no growth. Cells may be growing in size and synthesizing components for replication. Exponential (log) phase: cells undergo regular binary fission causing the number of cells to increase exponentially. Stationary phase: replication ceases due to (1) exhaustion of nutrients, (2) accumulation of inhibitory metabolites, and (3) lack of space. Death phase: if the above conditions persist, cells undergo exponential decline - reverse of the exponential growth phase. |
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identify and explain the aerobic and anaerobic requirements of the bacteria in tubes 1-5 |
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How is genetic material exchanged in bacteria? |
On plasmids, bacteriophages and transposons (etc) and by transformation, conjugation and transduction |
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Explain transformation, conjugation and transduction |
transformation: uptake of a single strand of DNA from outside of the cell conjugation: direct contact allowing exchange of a plasmid from F+ to F- transduction: infection of a bacterial cell by a bacteriophage. |
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List 8 sterile body sites |
blood tissues and organs systems CNS lower respiratory tract sinuses, inner and middle ear renal system to posterior urethra female reproductive tract down to cervix eye |
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Define endotoxin |
Lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of gram- bacteria which produces a strong immune response when released from a bacterial cell |
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Define exotoxin |
A intracellular, potent toxin secreted by bacteria on infection |
