Ww1 Vocabulary

Front 1

Alliance

Back 1

Mutual agreement between countries. Triple Alliance, Dual Alliance, Triple Entente

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Allies

Back 2

Britain, France, Russia and Italy. Initially Italy had a treaty with Germany but refused and secretly allied with the Allied Powers. US the joined. Made up fo 25 nations

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Armistice

Back 3

Truce. Offered by Canadian government after defeating Germany. They accepted and WW1 ended

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Balance of powers

Back 4

system that prevents one country form dominating others

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Big Four

Back 5

Long lasting peace treaty at the end of ww1 to keep peace throughout Europe. Got Treaty of Versailles instead. Britain, Italy, France, USA

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Blockade

Back 6

Blocking or preventing the transfer of good from an enemy port Germany tried it on Britain only to get the same thing back but worse

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Central Powers

Back 7

Germany. Austria-Hungary. Ottoman Empire Alliance

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Chauvnistic nationalism

Back 8

People started identifying with their country more

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Colonial rivalry

Back 9

A cause of ww1. 1) ledd to strained realtions among the European powers. 2) Led indirectly to the formation and strengthning of alliances and ententes. 3) Led to an intensification of the arms race. 4) Led to hostility among the powers

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Congress of Berlin

Back 10

Meeting held In berlin, before Russo-Turkish war. Germany, France, Italy, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Turkey, and Britain. Treaty of berlin, gave control over different land to countries that were involved. Russian and Balkan states were disatisfied which contributed to the cause of ww1. Austro got its hands on bosnia

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Congress of Vienna

Back 11

1) Established a new balance of power which would prevent imperialism within Europe and maintain the peace between the great powers. 2) Prevent political revolutions and maintain the status quo.

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Conscription

Back 12

When they are in need of soldiers and volunteers arent enough. Law states that if youre able to fight then you must. Quebec felt that they were being forced to fight a war that wasnt even theirs.

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Diplomacy

Back 13

maintaining good relations between governments of different countries.

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Dual Alliance

Back 14

Between germany and Austria-hungary.

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Entente Cordiale

Back 15

Series of agreementssigned on 8 April 1904 between the united kingdom and france, making the start of an alliance against germany

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Ethnic nationalism

Back 16

Nationhood thats defined by language, religion, customs and traditions

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Fourteen Points

Back 17

Outline a strategy to end war. Woodrow Wilson set out goals he wanted to acheive during the war

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French Canadian Nationalism

Back 18

Belief among French Canadians that they are a unique group of people whos lifestyles distinguishes them from other canadians

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Henri Bourassa

Back 19

French Canadian nationalist. Wants one canada coast to cast. didnt want french Canadians to go to the war

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Immediate Causes

Back 20

Assasination of the Arch Duke. The Alliances. Imperialism. Militarism. Nationalism. Arms Race. Series of events that lead to the WW1 .

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Imperialism

Back 21

Taking over another country

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Industrialization

Back 22

Build up of industries. More efficient machinery for war ( tanks, airplanes, U boats)

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International lawlessness

Back 23

No organization for setting disputes between nations peacefully

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Irredentism

Back 24

Suporting the control of a region in another country because it shares the same ethnicity. Ex. Italians populating a nearby region then taking it over

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League of nations

Back 25

Created by the treaty of Versailles Guarentee the peace and punish aggressive nations

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Militarism

Back 26

An arms race; build up of military forces to prepare for war

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Misperception

Back 27

To understand/percieve incorrectly

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Mobilization

Back 28

Gathering respurces and preparation for war

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National Prestige

Back 29

Fighting for land and whoever gets it is valued as a better nation

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Nationalism

Back 30

Feeling of intense loyalty towards a country

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Neutrality

Back 31

the state of not taking sides

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Pan slavism

Back 32

Movement in the mid 19th century aimed at the unity of all Slavic peoples. Main focus was in the Balkans, Byzantine Empire, Austria-hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Venice

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Pluralism

Back 33

Condition or system in which two or more states coexist

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Propaganda

Back 34

Information that is biased and spread to achieve a specific goal

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Rationing

Back 35

fixed allowance of provisions or food during shortage.

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Revengism

Back 36

France wanted to add it to the list of the 14 points to get back at Germany. Plotting revenge against another country

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Reinssurance Plan

Back 37

Attempted by Bismarck to continue to ally with Russia. Both states would promise neutrality in a war. Germany declined the second time

Front 38

Schlieffen Plan

Back 38

Germany's plan to avoid a two front war by invading France before Russia was able to mobilize its army. Failed.

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Secret Alliance

Back 39

Aliance contained from the public. Germany/Russia --> Germany wanted to make sure they were safe from both fronts

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Sir clifford Sifton

Back 40

Minister of the Interior under Sir Wilfred Laurier. Immigration policy states that immigrants are allowed to come but will be assimilated

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Social Darwinism

Back 41

The thought that your culture is superior, and so you should expand and enlighten it to those who dont know

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Sphere of influence

Back 42

Any area where one nation hold dominant power over another or others

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Static war

Back 43

Both sides suffer so the war barely progresses due to the many events that occur

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Three Emperor's League

Back 44

Germany, Russia, and Austria-Hungary. Bismarck lead it, secret alliance

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Total War

Back 45

When the entire amount of resources and population is mobilized towards the war, total priority. Also involved carrying the war against the entire population of the enemy notnjust its military.

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Treaty of Versailles

Back 46

Meant to ensure that WW1 was the "war to end all wars" and Europe would enjoy long lasting peace. Germany had to take blame for the whole war

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Trench Warfare

Back 47

Soldiers began to dig long, deep, holes in the ground called trenches which provided protection from the enemy. Between both sides was "no mans land". Harsh conditions, shell shock --> nervouse breakdown due to the constant death threat.

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Triple Alliance

Back 48

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

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Triple Entente

Back 49

British France, Russia

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Ultimatum

Back 50

A demand that must be met within a specific period of time backed up witha threat. Austrias ultimatum to Serbia, 48 hours

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Ultra Nationalism

Back 51

Extreme nationalism that promotes the interest of one state above all others. Racism

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Underlying Causes

Back 52

Coutnreis such as Germany were fairly new and wanted colonial presence. Wilhelm wanted to prove that Germany was one of the greatest countries. Treaty system and alliances.

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Unrestricted Submarine warfare

Back 53

submaries that sink vessels without warning

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War of attrition

Back 54

Ones enemy must be worn down to the point of collapseby continuous losses in people and material.