World History Chapter 6

Front 1

Javan

Back 1

Japheth's son from whom the Greeks are descended.

Front 2

Minoans

Back 2

The earliest civilization in the area of Greece. Settled on the island of Crete. They were sea traders on the Aegean Sea from about 1600-1400 BC.

Front 3

Knossos

Back 3

Location on Crete where a large palace with an impressive plumbing system existed.

Front 4

Mycenaeans

Back 4

Lived on the mainland of Greece from about 1600-1200 BC. Used the sea for piracy and war. Burned the city of Troy after a 10 year war.

Front 5

Dorians

Back 5

Invader into Greece from the north

Front 6

Homer

Back 6

The blind, Greek poet, whose work greatly influenced the new Greek culture. Known for refining the stories, The Iliad and The Odyssey.

Front 7

Mount Olympus

Back 7

Where Greek gods lived

Front 8

Zeus

Back 8

Kings of all the Greek gods

Front 9

Apollo

Back 9

Greek god associated with the sun

Front 10

Poseidon

Back 10

Greek god associated with the water

Front 11

Artemis

Back 11

Greek god associated with the moon

Front 12

Athena

Back 12

Greek goddess of wisdom

Front 13

Aphrodite

Back 13

Greek goddess of love and beauty

Front 14

Hera

Back 14

Greek goddess of marriage, wife of Zeus

Front 15

Achilles and Odysseus

Back 15

Great warriors in Greek mythology

Front 16

Polis

Back 16

Tribes and villages joined together to form these city-states

Front 17

Acropolis

Back 17

Hilltop fortress surrounded by a polis. Provided refuge from enemy attack, served as seat of government and religion.

Front 18

Agora

Back 18

The marketplace - a busy place of commerce, conversation, and politics

Front 19

Olympic Games

Back 19

Began in 776 BC, and held every four years in honor of Zeus

Front 20

Thrace (north of the Aegean Sea) and Ionia (east of the Aegean Sea)

Back 20

Greek colonies began spreading out and settled in these areas around the Aegean Sea.

Front 21

Darius I

Back 21

Persian King who crushed the Ionian revolt and demanded mainland Greeks submit to him.

Front 22

Athens, Eretria and Sparta

Back 22

The Greek cities that refused to submit to Persian King Darius' I demands.

Front 23

The Battle of Marathon

Back 23

The name of the battle where the Persians invaded, but were driven back by the Athens and defeated.

Front 24

Xerxes I

Back 24

Son of Darius I, assembled what may have been the largest military force the world had ever seen in order to avenge his father and conquer the Greeks.

Front 25

Hellespont

Back 25

A strait where Europe and Asia Minor are less than one mile apart

Front 26

Leonidas

Back 26

Spartan king, organized an alliance of 30 Greek cities.

Front 27

The Battle of Thermopylae

Back 27

Led by the Spartan king, the Greeks blocked the Persian advance in this battle. It was at a narrow mountain pass in central Greece about six miles from the Aegean Sea. Occurred 480 BC. King Leonidas gave his life trying to hold the Persians off long enough for the majority of Greek soldiers to withdraw.

Front 28

The Battle of Salamis

Back 28

Naval battle where the outnumbered Greeks outmaneuvered and rammed the Persian ships, driving King Xerxes I and most of his troops back to Persia. The remaining Persians suffered defeat in 479 BC.

Front 29

Monarchy

Back 29

Term means "Rule by One"

Front 30

Aristocracy

Back 30

Terms means "Rule by the 'best'"

Front 31

Oligarchy

Back 31

Term means "Rule by a few rather than one or many"

Front 32

Tyranny

Back 32

A bad form of one-man rule.

Front 33

Democracy

Back 33

Term means "Rule by the many or the common people"

Front 34

Helots

Back 34

The largest class in Sparta - they were common laborers who farmed the land for the ruling class.

Front 35

Peloponnesian League

Back 35

An alliance between Sparta, Corinth, Megara and other cities in the region of southern Greece. During the Persian invasion, they joined with Athens and their allies.

Front 36

Solon

Back 36

An aristocrat who introduced democratic principles to Athenian government.

Front 37

Pericles

Back 37

An aristocrat who brought Athenian democracy to its fullest measure. He called for fees to be paid to men serving the government.

Front 38

Representative Democracy

Back 38

The people elect a few men who represent them in government.

Front 39

Direct Democracy

Back 39

The people themselves make the big decisions of government directly, rather than indirectly through representatives.

Front 40

Delian League

Back 40

A defensive alliance formed by Athens with about 250 cities on the coasts and islands of the Aegean Sea.

Front 41

Peloponnesian War

Back 41

Fought between 431 BC and 404 BC, War between Sparta and Athens.

Front 42

404 BC

Back 42

The year Athens surrendered and was forced to pledge allegiance to Sparta.

Front 43

Thebes, 371 BC

Back 43

The city that delivered a blow to Sparta, defeating them. The year the Athenians regained their independence.

Front 44

Philosopher

Back 44

Term that means "Lovers of Wisdom"

Front 45

Anthropomorphism

Back 45

Ascribing human characteristics to nonhuman things

Front 46

Xenophanes

Back 46

Greek philosopher who, in sixth century BC, ridiculed Greek polytheism and anthromorphism.

Front 47

Socrates

Back 47

Lived 470-399 BC, the first philosopher to insist that morality is a part of philosophy, urged his students to examine their beliefs. "Know thyself" was his advice.

Front 48

Plato

Back 48

Lived 428-347 BC; student of Socrates; wrote thirty or more works called dialogues.

Front 49

Aristotle

Back 49

Lived 384-322 BC; student of Plato; concluded that there had to be a single, superhuman, thinking Being called God who gave order to everything in the universe.

Front 50

Macedonia

Back 50

A kingdom to the north of Greece

Front 51

Philip II

Back 51

In 359 BC, became king of Macedonia; conquered most of Greece and wanted them to join him in an attack on Persia.

Front 52

Phalanx

Back 52

A large group of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields, trained to charge the enemy as a group.

Front 53

Olympias

Back 53

Wife of Philip II who was involved in a plot to have Philip killed in 336 BC.

Front 54

Alexander the Great

Back 54

Son of Philip II; became king of Macedonia in 336 BC; defeated Persia between 334-330 BC.

Front 55

Babylon, Susa and Persepolis

Back 55

Three Persian cities that Alexander marched through.

Front 56

Hellenistic Age

Back 56

The period of several hundred years between Alexander's conquest and the Roman Empire.

Front 57

Alexandria

Back 57

A city built in Egypt by Alexander; one of the most important cities in the Hellenistic world.

Front 58

Ptolemy (took Egypt), Antipater (took Macedonia); Laomedon (took Syria, which was the western half of the Fertile Crescent), Seleucus (took the eastern half of the Fertile Crescent)

Back 58

Alexander's four generals who divided his kingdom after he had died.

Front 59

Minoans

Back 59

These early people lived on the island of Crete.

Front 60

331 BC

Back 60

The year Alexander entered Babylon.

Front 61

Persepolis

Back 61

Alexander entered this chief city of the Persian homeland by 330 BC.