Week 6 Emt Test

Front 1

How long can each of the following last without proper oxygenation

-skeletal muscle

-brain

-lungs

-kidney

Back 1

Skeletal muscle (2-3 hours)

Brain (4-6 min)

Lungs (15-20 min)

Kidney (>45 min)

Front 2

What % of fluid loss will the body tolerate

Back 2

20%

or more than 2 pints for an average adult

Front 3

What factors effect bleeding control

Back 3

-meds

-injury too severe prevents clot

-disease's that may effect clotting

-dressing helps clot

-pt. Moving around prevents clot

Front 4

What is epistaxis and how to treat it

Back 4

-Nose bleed

Tx: -Do not pack

-apply pressure to the bridge

-lean forward

-tell pt. Not to swallow

-ice on forehead

-HALO test if trauma

Front 5

Tx of external bleeding

Back 5

-Direct pressure

-if this does not work than use tourniquet

Front 6

Early S/S of internal bleeding

Back 6

-abdominal distenstion

-rigidity

-pain

-tenderness

-swelling

-contusions(bruises)

-rebound tenderness

-melena (black, foul smell, tarry stool containing digested blood)

-hematemesis(blood in vomit)

-hemoptysis(spit out blood)

-hematuria(blood in urine)

Front 7

Late s/s of internal bleeding

Back 7

Same as hypovolemic shock

-tachycardic

-weakness,fainting or dizziness

-thirst

-nausea/vomiting

-cold, moist(clammy) skin

-shallow rapid breathing

-dull eyes

-slightly dilated pupils, slow to react to light

-delayed cap refill

-weak,rapid thready pulse

-decreased bp

-aloc

Front 8

How much blood does the typical adult contain

Back 8

Adult(70mL per kg of body wieght)

Female(65mL per kg of body wieght)

Front 9

Common causes of non-traumatic internal bleeding

Back 9

-bleeding ulcer

-bleeding from colon

-ruptured ectopic pregnancy

-aneurysim

-bleeding from dialysis shunt

-G.I bleeding

Front 10

Tx. Of internal bleeding

Back 10

Treat like shock

-body temp. Regulation (blanket)

-O2 administration

-position in supine or trendleburg

-rapid transport or ALS intercept

-vitals every 5 min

-if pt. Has hematemisis or hemoptysis then make sure the airway is clear

Front 11

What is rebound tenderness

Back 11

-happens when you palpate abdomen and while lifting up/relieving pressure pt. Expresses pain

-indicates peritinitis (irritation of abdominal wall/lining

-this is a s/s of internal bleeding

Front 12

What is hematuria

Back 12

-blood in urine

Front 13

What is melena

Back 13

Black/tarry/smelly stool containing digested blood

Front 14

Tx of skull fracture

Back 14

-be sure to give little to no pressure

-lightly wrap sterile gauze around head

-try to obtain EBL (estimated blood loss)

Front 15

What is" coffee ground" emesis

Back 15

-indicated G.I bleeding

Front 16

Abdominal pain Tx and questions to ask

Back 16

-OPQRST

-last bowel movement

-history of bleeding

-meds(blood thinners) or not taking prescribed meds

-high flow O2

-position of comfort

-EBL

-pt. Weight (kg)

Front 17

Basic soft tissue injuries that lead to death is due to

Back 17

-infection

Front 18

What is the largest organ and its function

Back 18

-skin

-protects from environment(infection/pathogens)

-regulates body tempurature

Front 19

Tx for soft tissue trauma with exposed nerve endings/blood vessels

Back 19

-irrigate

-wet sterile dressing

Front 20

Describe the layers of skin

Back 20

-outer layer: epidermis (tough external layer, watertight)

-inner layer(contains hair folicules, sweat glands, sebaceous glands(oil)

Front 21

Define a closed injury

Back 21

-soft tissue damage that occurs beneathe the skin/mucous membranes

-skin remains in-tact

Front 22

Open injuries

Back 22

-Break in skin or mucous membrane

-exposing deeper tissue to contamination

Front 23

Define a burn

Back 23

-soft tissue damage due to thermal heat, frictional heat, toxic chemicals, electricity, nuclear radiation

Front 24

(matching) define the following

-contusion

-hematoma

-compartment syndrome

-Abrasion

-laceration

-incision

-avulsion

Back 24

-contusion("bruise" bleeding beneathe the skin w/out breaking the skin, swelling may occur)

-hematoma(blood collecting in damaged tissue or body cavity ex: blood blister)

-compartment syndrome(edema and swelling that result in pressure in a closed injury)

-abrasion(wound on superficial layer due to friction)

-laceration(jagged cut due to sharp object or blunt force that tears tissue)

-incision(sharp smooth cut, extend to skin/subcutaneous tissue/and even muscle/nerves/bloos vessels

-avulsion(injury that seperates various layers of soft tissue, detached and leaves a flap)

Front 25

Tx for soft tissue injury

Back 25

RICES

R-rest

I-ice

C-compression

E-elevate

S-splint

Front 26

When brain detects open wound the steps of healing are the body sends what 2 chemicals

Back 26

-lymphosites(destroy bacteria that enter the body)

-mast cells(release histamines(vasodialator)

Front 27

S/S of pt.s who need immediate transport

Back 27

-poor initial impression

-ALOC

-Dypsnea

-abnormal vitals

-shock

-severe pain

Front 28

What are 3 depths of burns

Back 28

-1st degree(superficial) involve only the top layer of skin and present NO blisters

-2nd degree(partial thickness) involve epidermis and dermis, blisters, mottled/pink/red skin with white patches

-3rd degree(full thickness)

involve all layers of skin, subcutaneous layer, muscle, bone, internal organs

Front 29

MOI associated with burns in upper airway and lower airway

Back 29

Upper airway- inhalation of superheated air

Lower airway- explosion or ingestion

Front 30

5 S/S of inhalation burns and what to do

Back 30

-call ALS/airlift

S/S

-stridor

-burns to face

-hoarse/raspy voice

-singed nasal hairs

-carbon particles in sputum

Front 31

Risks ascociated with burns

Back 31

-prone to infection

-hypothermia

-hypovolemia

-shock

Front 32

Tx for burns

Back 32

-O2 administration

-burn dressings(treated with meds/petroleum jelly)

-if taser burn follow SOP to leave prong or take out

-electric burn(make sure power is off) pt. May go into V-FIB or V-TAC

Front 33

Types of radiation

Back 33

-alpha (stopped by skin)

-beta (can penetrate skin or blocked with proper PPE

-gamma (goes straight through human body)

Front 34

What are the 6 major bones in a face

Back 34

-Zygoma (2)

-nasal bone

-maxilla

-mandible

-orbits

Front 35

Which vertebrae are in the neck

Back 35

C1-C7

Front 36

Which structures are found in the neck

Back 36

-Esophagus

-trachea

-larynx

Front 37

How long do you irrigate chemical burns in eyes

Back 37

20 min

Front 38

Define 3 parts of the ear

Back 38

-External ear

(contains pinna, auricle and external auditory canal: leads to ear drum)

-middle ear

(containing 3 small bones: hammer. Anvil. Stirrup which are connected by the eustachian tube-equalize pressure/balance.

-this is where sound is heard

-inner ear

(composed of bony chambers filled with fluid)

Front 39

If pt. Loses teeth in trauma how long does pt. Have till it may be reimplanted

Back 39

-20 min-1hr

Front 40

4 sided dressing vs 3 sided

Back 40

4 sided- arterial bleeding in neck

3 sided- sucking chest wound

Front 41

CNS is protected by which 3 layers of tissue

Back 41

-Dura mater (strongest/outermost)

-arachnoid

-pia mater

Front 42

What is another term for voluntary CNS and involuntary CNS

Back 42

Voluntary - somatic

Involuntary - automic

Front 43

Sympathetic vs para-sympathetic

Back 43

Sympathetic-fight or flight

Parasympathetic- brings you back

Front 44

Depressed skull fracture may

Back 44

-drive bone fragments into the brain

Front 45

What is the only indication to remove a contact lense

Back 45

Chemical splash in eye

Front 46

2 types of brain injury

Back 46

Primary(impact to head)

Secondary(swelling, hemorhaging, ALOC, ICP)

Front 47

S/S associated with ICP

Back 47

-cheyne stoaks resp.

-ataxic resp. (ineffective/irregular resp.)

-bradycardia

-widened pulse pressure (systolic goes up)

-headache

-NVD

-ALOC

-pupils non reactive

-decorticate posturing (inflexion)

-decerebate posturing (extension)

Front 48

What happens in a concussion

Back 48

-closed injury

-temporary loss of consciousness

-quick temporary loss in brain function

-No permenate damage

Front 49

5 S/S of a concussion

Back 49

-dizzy

-weak

-ringing in ears

-slurred speech

-lack of coordination

-headache

-amnesia

Front 50

Know what cushings triad is and what actions to take

Back 50

3 primary signs that often indicate ICP

- irregular resp. /bradypnea

-bradycardia

-systolic hypertension(widening pulse pressure)

-O2 administration if hypoxic, BVM if resp. Inadequate

-dont allow pt. To exhert themselves

-maintain body temp

-immediate transport/ALS intercept

-vitals every 5 min.

Front 51

What is the order to strap a pt. On a longboard

Back 51

1. Torso

2. Lower extremities

3. Upper extremities

4. Head

Front 52

Before and after splint application

Back 52

-PMSC

-pulse(radial/pedal)

-Motor(wiggle toes/fingers)

-sensory(which finger am I touching)

-cap refill

Front 53

Can you remove a splint?

Back 53

Nope

Front 54

Indications to remove helmet

Back 54

-airway compromised

-does not allow spinal immobilization

-improper fit(allows for excessive head movement)

-cardiac arrest

-full face helmet that prevents access to airway

Front 55

Define utereus

Back 55

Where fetus grows during pregnancy

Front 56

Define menarche

Back 56

-Aka the "menzies"; menstration

Front 57

What is PID

Back 57

Pelvic inflamitory disease

-infection of fallopian tubes and surrounding tissue of pelvis

-can cause scarring in fallopian tubes which may lead to sterility

Front 58

S/S of PID

Back 58

-PID shuffle (pt. Walks like a penguin)

-abnormal discharge/foul smell

-fever

-N/V/D

-rash

-malaise (sleepy/weak)

-pain during intercourse

Front 59

What is preclampsia and eclampsia

Back 59

-Developes after week 20 and happens often with first timers

Preclampsia-

-pt exhibits severe hypertension

-severe/persitant headache

-visual abnormalities (seeing spots, blurred vision, sensitive to light)

-swelling in hands and feet

-anxiety

Eclampsia-

-all the same S/S except with the addition of seizures as a result from hypertension

Front 60

What is supine hypertensive syndrome

Back 60

-compression of the vena cava due to supine position

-place pregnant women on left side to correct this(except during labor)

Front 61

Ectopic pregnancy

Back 61

-embryo developes outside of uterous (usually in fallopian tube)

-happens 1:300 pregnancies

-pt. W/ unilateral pain in lower abdomen and history of PID may result in ectopic pregnancy

Front 62

Placenta previa

Back 62

-placenta developes over the utereus and covers the cervix

-life threatening

Front 63

Placenta abruptio

Back 63

S/S: heavy vaginal bleeding w/no pain

-placenta abrupts

-life threatening

Front 64

Additional questions to ask pregnant women

Back 64

-prenatal care

-complications expected? In the past?

-grava/para (total prenancies/successful pregnancies)

-are you on drugs, alcohal

-allergies,medications, pertinent medical history

-how many are we expecting

-LMP(last menstrual period)

-EDC(estimated date of confinement)

-frequency/duration of contractions

-feel the need to push? /poop?

-felt baby move?

-has your water broke

Front 65

What is meconium

Back 65

-Baby poops in utero

-very infectious/deadly

Front 66

3 stages of labor

Back 66

-contractions

-delivering fetus

-delevery of placenta

Front 67

4 warning signs that baby is coming

Back 67

-urge to push

-crowning

-water break(amneiotic sac)

-contractions are less than 2 minutes apart

Front 68

What is a Fontunel

Back 68

-Soft spot on baby's head

-depressed fontunel indicates dehydration

Front 69

Nuchal cord presentation

Back 69

-umbilical cord is wrapped around babies neck

-you get one attempt to pull over baby's head

-if this fails clamp in two places 2" apart and cut the umbilical cord

Front 70

Average pregnancies are how long

Back 70

40 weeks

Front 71

Pregnant women are high risk for

Back 71

-pulmonary embolisms

Front 72

What is Apgar

Back 72

Score sheet for neonatal assessment

10 points possible

-appearance(color)

-pulse

-grimace(reflex)

-activity (tone)

-color

Front 73

What do you do with the apgar score?

Back 73

Front 74

CPR ratio on newborn

Back 74

3:1

Front 75

What is a prolapsed cord presentation

Back 75

-when you see the umbilical cord come out first

-babys weight is pinching the umbilical cord against the vaginal wall

-use two fingers to lift baby's weight off of the umbillical cord