Volume 5. General Comm/nav Systems Theory (Part Iii)

Front 1

801. General description and components of the steerable television subsystem
What indicator illuminates if a BIT test response is incorrect?

Back 1

MALF.

Front 2

801. General description and components of the steerable television subsystem
What indicators illuminate during an overheat condition?

Back 2

CAM HOT and E/U HOT.

Front 3

801. General description and components of the steerable television subsystem
What three major subassemblies make up the camera assembly?

Back 3

(1) Camera head.
(2) Elevation drive.
(3) Azimuth drive.

Front 4

801. General description and components of the steerable television subsystem
What controls the amount of light applied to the image intensifier photocathode?

Back 4

The iris within the optics assembly.

Front 5

801. General description and components of the steerable television subsystem
What type of component opens and closes the shutter?

Back 5

Spring-loaded solenoid.

Front 6

801. General description and components of the steerable television subsystem
What camera head unit controls system gain?

Back 6

The image-gating unit.

Front 7

801. General description and components of the steerable television subsystem
What are the camera viewing limits from the 0° reference?

Back 7

Elevation is +15° to –45°; azimuth is ±45°.

Front 8

801. General description and components of the steerable television subsystem
What are the camera viewing limits from the 0° reference?

Back 8

The picture image reflects off the mirror and passes through the optics assembly into the tube assembly.
Video is pulled off the target grid and sent to the preamplifier. The preamplifier’s video output goes to the
camera electronics.

Front 9

801. General description and components of the steerable television subsystem
What are the operational sections of the STV camera electronics?

Back 9

Video, ALC, and sweep.

Front 10

801. General description and components of the steerable television subsystem
What’s the purpose of the ALC section?

Back 10

To maintain a relatively constant video output signal over a wide range of lighting conditions.

Front 11

801. General description and components of the steerable television subsystem
Where does amplitude detection of the video take place?

Back 11

In the video processor.

Front 12

801. General description and components of the steerable television subsystem
How is the width of the image-gating pulse determined?

Back 12

By comparing the AGC voltage amplitude to a ramp generator output.

Front 13

801. General description and components of the steerable television subsystem
What happens to the iris if direct sunlight enters the optics assembly?

Back 13

The iris is driven at maximum speed to the fully closed position.

Front 14

801. General description and components of the steerable television subsystemWhen the STV is initially energized, how much time passes before HVs are applied to the
circuits?

Back 14

30 seconds.

Front 15

801. General description and components of the steerable television subsystemWhat happens to the system when video saturation happens during ALC ¼ mode of operation?

Back 15

The STV system reverts to ALC FULL mode of operation.

Front 16

801. General description and components of the steerable television subsystemWhat’s the purpose of parabolic dynamic focusing?

Back 16

It compensates for the unequal length of the scanning beam as it scans the flat target grid center of the
camera SEC tube.

Front 17

802. Steerable television subsystem characteristics
What signals are used to produce the scanning raster for the STV system?

Back 17

The sync signals—horizontal drive, vertical drive, and STV blanking.

Front 18

802. Steerable television subsystem characteristics
How is the 30-Hz flicker eliminated in the STV?

Back 18

By interlacing two fields into each frame.

Front 19

802. Steerable television subsystem characteristics
What’s the purpose of the STV BIT circuits?

Back 19

Assist in determining the operational status of the STV system and isolating any existing failure or
degraded performance to an LRU.

Front 20

802. Steerable television subsystem characteristics
What STV circuits do the BIT circuits continually monitor?

Back 20

LVPS, horizontal and vertical sweep circuits, and blanking.

Front 21

802. Steerable television subsystem characteristics
When does the system switch from ALC ¼ operation to ALC FULL operation?

Back 21

When video saturation is detected during ALC ¼ mode.

Front 22

802. Steerable television subsystem characteristics
Why is the ALC shutdown circuitry important?

Back 22

It prevents damage to the camera tube assembly.

Front 23

802. Steerable television subsystem characteristics
What kinds of BIT tests are used to verify camera performance?

Back 23

Front-to-rear.

Front 24

802. Steerable television subsystem characteristics
What function is tested when the STV control panel BIT switch is set to the ELEC-A position?

Back 24

Camera electronics under a minimum gain condition (ALC shutdown).

Front 25

802. Steerable television subsystem characteristics
What function is tested when the STV control panel BIT switch is set to the ELEC-B position?

Back 25

Camera assembly performance under a maximum gain condition.

Front 26

803. Principles of infrared systems
In microns, what portion of the electromagnetic spectrum makes up the IR region?

Back 26

0.7 – 1,000.

Front 27

803. Principles of infrared systems
What’s the primary source of IR energy?

Back 27

The sun.

Front 28

803. Principles of infrared systems
What are the three properties shared by visible light and IR energy?

Back 28

(1) Can be refracted.
(2) Can be reflected.
(3) Can be absorbed.

Front 29

803. Principles of infrared systems
What’s the leading factor regarding the amount of IR emitted from an object?

Back 29

Temperature.

Front 30

803. Principles of infrared systems
What are the four basic factors that affect the IR radiation received by a passive IR system?

Back 30

(1) Radiation.
(2) Attenuation.
(3) Quality of optics.
(4) Detector response.

Front 31

804. Forward-looking infrared subsystem components
What are the four major subassemblies of the FLIR sensor assembly?

Back 31

(1) Sensor unit.
(2) SDC.
(3) VPP.
(4) Gimbal.

Front 32

804. Forward-looking infrared subsystem components
What’s the purpose of the sensor unit?

Back 32

Provides the imaging analog video signal to the SDC for processing.

Front 33

804. Forward-looking infrared subsystem components
Describe the function of the sensor assembly SDC.

Back 33

Interfaces the sensor unit and VPP, providing all bias voltages and clock signals required for operation of
the FPA.

Front 34

804. Forward-looking infrared subsystem components
What’s provided by the VPP?

Back 34

Processing the video signal after the analog-to-digital conversion by the SDC.

Front 35

804. Forward-looking infrared subsystem components
What’s the purpose of the gimbal assembly?

Back 35

Provides a precision pointing system and mounting support structure for some of the sensors major
subassemblies.

Front 36

804. Forward-looking infrared subsystem components
What’s the function of the SDC?

Back 36

Provides electrical interface between aircraft display units and sensor assembly.

Front 37

804. Forward-looking infrared subsystem components
Match the purpose in column A with the mode selection listed in column B. Each selection in
column B may be used only once.
Column A Column B
____ (1) Provides an end-to-end checkout of the FLIR system.
____ (2) Deenergizes the FLIR system.
____ (3) Puts the FLIR system in a full operating condition.
____ (4) Prepares the FLIR system for operation.
a. OFF.
b. STBY.
c. OPR.
d. BIT 1.

Back 37

(1) d.
(2) a.
(3) c.
(4) b.

Front 38

804. Forward-looking infrared subsystem components
What happens when the STBY mode on the FLIR control panel is selected?

Back 38

Relays energize to turn on FLIR system.

Front 39

804. Forward-looking infrared subsystem components
When do the overheat and override circuits become operative?

Back 39

Overheat circuits in STBY mode; override circuits in OPR mode.

Front 40

804. Forward-looking infrared subsystem components
Match the function in column A with their switches, controls, or indicators listed in column B.
Each selection in column B may be used only once.
Column A Column B
____ (1) Sets the brightness level of the video signal.
____ (2) Identifies that the cryogenic system has reached full
operating temperature.
____ (3) Functionally tests the panel lights.
____ (4) Sets the gain level of the video signal.
____ (5) Energizes and tests the FLIR system.
____ (6) Bypasses the automatic shutdown feature for overheat
conditions.
____ (7) Identifies a cryogenic system failure.
a. MODE SELECT switch.
b. BIAS control.
c. CONTRAST control.
d. READY indicator.
e. REFR indicator.
f. OVHT OVRD pushbutton
indicator.
g. LAMP TEST switch.

Back 40

(1) b.
(2) d.
(3) g.
(4) c.
(5) a.
(6) f.
(7) e.

Front 41

805. Forward-looking infrared subsystem characteristics and component functions
Describe the uses of the FLIR.

Back 41

Used by the flight crews to provide enroute reconnaissance, aid in target identification, assess strike
damage, complement the TA system, and provide improved aircraft capabilities during takeoffs, landings,
and taxiing.

Front 42

805. Forward-looking infrared subsystem characteristics and component functions
How does the FLIR interface with the DPG?

Back 42

Via the VDU and SCU.

Front 43

805. Forward-looking infrared subsystem characteristics and component functions
What’s produced by the sensor assembly and used for navigation and future recognition?

Back 43

An image in the 3 – 5 micron IR band and a generated 875–line video signal.

Front 44

805. Forward-looking infrared subsystem characteristics and component functions
Where are the “dual field of view” optics located?

Back 44

In the FLIR sensor unit.

Front 45

805. Forward-looking infrared subsystem characteristics and component functions
Where is final FLIR video processing and scan conversion performed?

Back 45

VPP.

Front 46

806. How to use the power/watt meter
List at least three of the units that can be displayed by the power meter.

Back 46

Any three of the following:
(1) Watt.
(2) mW.
(3) μW.
(4) nW.
(5) dBm.
(6) dB(REL).

Front 47

806. How to use the power/watt meter
Briefly explain how to use the relative power measurement mode for frequency response testing.

Back 47

You set the dB (REF) for the transmitter under test, and then monitor any changes in power at different
frequencies or settings.

Front 48

806. How to use the power/watt meter
Describe a power sensor.

Back 48

A device that changes energy from one form into another form.

Front 49

806. How to use the power/watt meter
Name some of the older power sensors.

Back 49

Bolometers, calorimeters, thermistors, and thermocouples.

Front 50

806. How to use the power/watt meter
What are some of the advantages of a diode detector over a thermistor mount?

Back 50

Higher sensitivity, reduced noise, less frequency drift, and a lower SWR.

Front 51

806. How to use the power/watt meter
How much more efficient in converting RF power to DC voltage is a detecting diode than a
thermistor?

Back 51

3,000 times.

Front 52

806. How to use the power/watt meter
What device determines the power measurement range of a power meter?

Back 52

The power sensor.

Front 53

806. How to use the power/watt meter
What must you do before you can use the power meter/power sensor system?

Back 53

Marry, or calibrate, them together as a system.

Front 54

806. How to use the power/watt meter
Why shouldn’t you twist a power sensor when installing it?

Back 54

You may cause major damage to the power sensor’s internal circuits.

Front 55

806. How to use the power/watt meter
What’s the basic RF power measurement?

Back 55

Average power.

Front 56

807. How to use the time domain reflectometer
What’s a TDR?

Back 56

An instrument that operates on the same principle as radar.

Front 57

807. How to use the time domain reflectometer
On a TDR CRT, what does horizontal deflection represent?

Back 57

Distance.

Front 58

807. How to use the time domain reflectometer
What does vertical deflection represent?

Back 58

Reflected amplitude.

Front 59

807. How to use the time domain reflectometer
What does one horizontal division of the graticule represent?

Back 59

One-tenth of the selected distance.

Front 60

807. How to use the time domain reflectometer
What’s a cable discontinuity?

Back 60

A physical fault in the cable, the end of the cable itself, or any irregularity that causes a change in the
cable’s conductivity.

Front 61

807. How to use the time domain reflectometer
What can be damaged if voltages enter the TDR’s CABLE connector?

Back 61

Sampling gate or tunnel diode.

Front 62

807. How to use the time domain reflectometer
What must be done to the test cable before it’s connected to the TDR’s CABLE connector?

Back 62

Bled of any residual electrostatic charge.

Front 63

807. How to use the time domain reflectometer
What care must be taken when testing a cable located in the proximity of an active transmitter?

Back 63

Avoid close proximity to active transmitters.

Front 64

807. How to use the time domain reflectometer
What goes between the TDR’s CABLE connector and the cable to be tested?

Back 64

The standard, 36-inch, 50-Ω cable.

Front 65

807. How to use the time domain reflectometer
Which CABLE DIELECTRIC switch is selected for use on cable with Teflon dielectric?

Back 65

Solid PTFE.

Front 66

808. How to use the radio-frequency transmission line test set
What’s the purpose of the RFTLTS?

Back 66

Provide automatic testing and fault detection of coaxial and waveguide transmission line paths by
performing IL measurements.

Front 67

808. How to use the radio-frequency transmission line test set
Can the RFTLTS check only individual RF components, or can it check the entire system?

Back 67

Both.

Front 68

808. How to use the radio-frequency transmission line test set
What’s the ultra-broadband frequency range of the RFTLTS in its basic design?

Back 68

10 MHz – 18 GHz.

Front 69

808. How to use the radio-frequency transmission line test set
What data is stored in the RFTLTS EEPROM that allows it to perform aircraft-specific tests?

Back 69

Aircraft RF transmission line parameters.

Front 70

808. How to use the radio-frequency transmission line test set
What type of display is used by the RFTLTS?

Back 70

Electroluminescent graphic.

Front 71

808. How to use the radio-frequency transmission line test set
What must you do to protect the RFTLTS unit 1 from ESD events when you’re using the
RFTLTS on the flightline?

Back 71

Connect a suitable grounding strap between the grounding lug on the right side of RFTLTS unit 1 and the
aircraft.

Front 72

808. How to use the radio-frequency transmission line test set
Do you connect a measurement probe before or after you turn on power?

Back 72

Before.

Front 73

808. How to use the radio-frequency transmission line test set
What self-alignments must you perform before you can use RFTLTS for measurement?

Back 73

DTF, IL, and VSWR/return loss.

Front 74

808. How to use the radio-frequency transmission line test set
How long is the RFTLTS warm-up period?

Back 74

Normally, 3 – 10 minutes.

Front 75

808. How to use the radio-frequency transmission line test set
How is a VSWR of 1.5:1 displayed on the RFTLTS’s electroluminescent display?

Back 75

RATIO 1.5.

Front 76

809. How to use the radar test set
Describe the UPM–145 test set.

Back 76

It’s a portable, X-band transponder/analyzer.

Front 77

809. How to use the radar test set
What RT performance tests are checked using the UPM–145?

Back 77

Power, frequency, PRF, range tracking capabilities, receiver bandwidth and minimum discernible signal,
and beacon transmit/responses.

Front 78

809. How to use the radar test set
What other functions can the UPM–145 provide?

Back 78

A signal generator with CW, pulse-modulated, square wave, or FM outputs.

Front 79

810. Identification, friend or foe transponder system test sets
During a transponder confidence test, what test lamps should illuminate immediately after the
system is turned on?

Back 79

XTAL CUR and HVPS.

Front 80

810. Identification, friend or foe transponder system test sets
What’s the function of the TS–1843A T/S when it isn’t being used for testing?

Back 80

It provides a path for the transmitted and received signals.

Front 81

810. Identification, friend or foe transponder system test sets
What type signal is generated by the TS–1843A in the TEST mode?

Back 81

RF interrogation pulse pairs for the mode selected.

Front 82

810. Identification, friend or foe transponder system test sets
What is the indication if an invalid transponder reply is transmitted after being interrogated by the
TS–1843A?

Back 82

The test lamp on the control box doesn’t illuminate.

Front 83

810. Identification, friend or foe transponder system test sets
How is the TS–3977 test routine initiated?

Back 83

By pressing the TEST SEQ or TEST RPT button.

Front 84

810. Identification, friend or foe transponder system test sets
In what increments is mode C altitude displayed on the TS–3977?

Back 84

In hundreds and thousands of feet.

Front 85

810. Identification, friend or foe transponder system test sets
What’s the malfunction if an “F” appears in the test code indicator of the TS–3977?

Back 85

The T/S has failed self-test.

Front 86

810. Identification, friend or foe transponder system test sets
What’s the color of the TS–3977 lobing indicator?

Back 86

Yellow

Front 87

810. Identification, friend or foe transponder system test sets
What’s the voltage produced by the battery stick?

Back 87

7.2 VDC.

Front 88

810. Identification, friend or foe transponder system test sets
What’s the purpose of the standard battery end cap and contact assembly?

Back 88

To adapt the TS–3977 to use six standard batteries in place of the battery stick.

Front 89

810. Identification, friend or foe transponder system test sets
What action is necessary if the decimal points on the TS–3977 display are flashing on and off
when the LAMP TEST button is pressed?

Back 89

Replace the battery stick.

Front 90

810. Identification, friend or foe transponder system test sets
What transponder failure code appears in the test code indicator if the transponder receiver
sensitivity is low?

Back 90

Six.

Front 91

810. Identification, friend or foe transponder system test sets
What feature of the TS–3977 is useful in checking out the transponder reply codes of a specific
mode?

Back 91

TEST RPT (repeat).

Front 92

810. Identification, friend or foe transponder system test sets
When should the battery stick be removed from the TS–3977 T/S?

Back 92

If the T/S will be idle for more than 24 hours.

Front 93

811. Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System test set
What’s the purpose of the TCAS T/S?

Back 93

To test the operation of transponders and interrogators, including mode-S transponders and TCAS
interrogators installed in aircraft and other vehicles.

Front 94

811. Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System test set
During the transponder test, what occurs if the AUTO/MANUAL switch isn’t pressed?

Back 94

The test presently indicated on the display is repeated indefinitely up to the 15-minute inactivity timeout, if
operating on a battery.

Front 95

811. Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System test set
What is simulated by the TCAS T/S during testing?

Back 95

An intruding aircraft by replying to UUT TCAS interrogations with the characteristics of a transponder.

Front 96

811. Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System test set
Is there any danger of overcharging the TCAS T/S batteries? If so, what is the danger?

Back 96

No.

Front 97

812. Tactical air navigation test set
What’s the purpose of the TACAN T/S?

Back 97

It simulates the ground station and produces all of the necessary signals for various tests.

Front 98

812. Tactical air navigation test set
What’s an advantage of using the T/S in the radiation method?

Back 98

Several aircraft can be checked simultaneously.

Front 99

812. Tactical air navigation test set
What are two most important facts to remember when using the T/S?

Back 99

(1) Safety.
(2) Using the appropriate TOs.

Front 100

812. Tactical air navigation test set
Match the TACAN T/S controls and components in column B with their proper function in
column A. Each item in column B is used only once.
Column A
____(1) Used to turn the MRB on and off.
____(2) Provides selection of the A/A function.
____(3) Provides a BIT when depressed.
____(4) Used to measure the TACAN receiver sensitivity.
____(5) Provides a DME tracking rate of 2,400 knots.
____(6) Provides a fixed range of 50 miles.
____(7) Provides an azimuth tracking rate of 5° per second.
____(8) Calibrated in kW.
Column B
a. ID TONE switch.
b. RANGE IN/OUT switch.
c. BEARING CW/CCW switch.
d. BURST switch.
e. RF OUTPUT control.
f. RF POWER OUTPUT meter.
g. MODE switch.
h. RANGE-NAUT MILES switch.

Back 100

(1) d.
(2) g.
(3) a.
(4) e.
(5) b.
(6) h.
(7) c.
(8) f.

Front 101

812. Tactical air navigation test set
If you plan to use the direct-connection method, what must you connect to the TACAN RT unit
antenna jack?

Back 101

An RF cable from the RF IN/OUT jack on the T/S.

Front 102

812. Tactical air navigation test set
If you plan to use the radiation method, in what position must the T/S antenna be during the
system checkout?

Back 102

Vertical.

Front 103

813. AN/ARM–186 very-high frequency omnidirectional range/instrument landing
system/marker beacon test set
If the green light is illuminated on the ARM–186 T/S, how many operating hours are available on
the battery charge?

Back 103

1 – 8.

Front 104

813. AN/ARM–186 very-high frequency omnidirectional range/instrument landing
system/marker beacon test set
After the red light illuminates, how long should the battery be recharged?

Back 104

A minimum of 36 hours.

Front 105

813. AN/ARM–186 very-high frequency omnidirectional range/instrument landing
system/marker beacon test set
What are the selectable bearings on the ARM–186 T/S?

Back 105

VOR bearings from 0° to 315° in 45° increments throughout the 360° range.

Front 106

813. AN/ARM–186 very-high frequency omnidirectional range/instrument landing
system/marker beacon test set
How can the GS flag be checked using the ARM–186 T/S?

Back 106

By deleting the 90- or 150-Hz GS signal.

Front 107

814. Microwave landing system test set
How does the MLS RTS–100A verify MLS operation?

Back 107

By transmitting a signal on LS channel 500, which exercises the approach azimuth, back azimuth,
elevation, and data words receiving functions of the MLS receivers. In each mode of operation, deviation
needles in the cockpit are set to a unique pattern, which enables the operator to verify the MLS operation.

Front 108

814. Microwave landing system test set
How is the RTS–100A protected from overcurrent?

Back 108

By a resettable fuse.

Front 109

814. Microwave landing system test set
What’s the purpose of the Allen key supplied with the RTS–100A?

Back 109

It’s required when performing RF power level calibrations on the RTS–100A unit.

Front 110

815. Basic troubleshooting knowledge
List the three attributes required to be a good troubleshooter.

Back 110

(1) Know your equipment.
(2) Think before you act.
(3) Establish a general troubleshooting procedure.

Front 111

815. Basic troubleshooting knowledge
What’s the most important step in any troubleshooting effort?

Back 111

Think before you act.

Front 112

815. Basic troubleshooting knowledge
How can you realize the greatest success as a troubleshooting technician?

Back 112

Always follow a logical troubleshooting sequence.

Front 113

816. How to read schematics
What is a schematic diagram?

Back 113

A diagram that uses graphic symbols to show the electrical connections and functions of a specific
electronic circuit arrangement.

Front 114

816. How to read schematics
How is a schematic diagram normally read?

Back 114

From left to right, with the input on the left and the output on the right.

Front 115

816. How to read schematics
What do dotted lines on a schematic diagram indicate?

Back 115

The components inside the lines aren’t physically located near the components outside the lines.

Front 116

817. How to read wiring diagrams
What’s a wiring diagram?

Back 116

A diagram that illustrates the external connection between unit assemblies or equipment.

Front 117

817. How to read wiring diagrams
Explain the purpose of flag notes on diagrams.

Back 117

Flags refer to information too lengthy to include on the face or in the margin of the diagram; can also refer
to frequently repeated information (i.e., aircraft serial number or TCTO number).

Front 118

817. How to read wiring diagrams
In what two ways are wiring diagrams indexed?

Back 118

(1) Alphabetically.
(2) Numerically.

Front 119

817. How to read wiring diagrams
Generally, how are switches, relays, and other operable unit symbols illustrated with respect to
the aircraft?

Back 119

On the ground (landing gear down), all circuits in the off or shutdown position, and no electrical power
applied to the aircraft.