Visualizing Human Biology 3Rd Edition Chapter 6

Front 1

Aerobic pathway

Back 1

Metabolic pathway that requires oxygen to burn glucose completely.

Front 2

Anaerobic pathways

Back 2

Metabolic pathways that occur in the cytoplasm and burn glucose to lactic acid, releasing some energy.

Front 3

Antagonistic (synergistic) pair

Back 3

Muscles with opposing actions working together to provide smooth and controlled movements.

Front 4

Articulates

Back 4

Joins; an articulation is a joint holding two bones together.

Front 5

Bursa

Back 5

Fluid-filled sac between the bones or tendons of a joint and the skin, positioned to reduce friction.

Front 6

Cribriform plate

Back 6

A fragile, porous area of the ethmoid bone at the superior portion of the nasal cavity.

Front 7

Electron transport chain

Back 7

Step three in aerobic respiration, wherein electrons are passed along in a series of chemical reactions, eventually producing ATP.

Front 8

Fossa

Back 8

A pit, groove, or depression.

Front 9

Glycogen

Back 9

A large polysaccharide easily broken down to release individual glucose molecules.

Front 10

Graded contraction

Back 10

A smooth transition from a small, weak contraction to a forceful contraction.

Front 11

Menisci

Back 11

Fat pads within joints that cushion bones and assist in "fit."

Front 12

Muscle tone

Back 12

Constant Partial contraction of muscle when the body is "in shape."

Front 13

Myofibrils

Back 13

Linearly arranged groups of the contractile proteins actin and myosin.

Front 14

Osteoblasts

Back 14

Immature bone cells not yet surrounded by bony matrix.

Front 15

Osteocytes

Back 15

Mature bone cells surrounded by bony matrix.

Front 16

Oxygen debt

Back 16

The amount of oxygen needed to convert the lactic acid produced by anaerobic respiration into pyuvic acid and burn it entirely to CO2, H20, and energy.

Front 17

Parietal

Back 17

Of or relating to walls or a cavity, as in the walls of the cranial cavity; also, a parietal part.

Front 18

Pectoral girdle

Back 18

The bones that attach the arm to the axial skeleton; the shoulder bones.

Front 19

Pelvic girdle

Back 19

The bones that connect the leg to the axial skeleton; the hipbones.

Front 20

Skeletal muscle

Back 20

Contractile tissue composed of protein filaments arranged to move the skeletal system.

Front 21

Synovial fluid

Back 21

Fluid secreted by the inner membrane of a synovial joint, similar in viscosity to egg white.

Front 22

T tubules

Back 22

Tubes formed in the sarcolemma that cross through the muscle cell, carrying contrac-tile impulses to the opposite side of the cell.

Front 23

TEA (Krebs) cycle

Back 23

The citric acid cycle, step two in the production of ATP from glucose, carried out in the mitochondrial cristae.

Front 24

Threshold stimulus

Back 24

The minmal amount of stimulation needed to cause a response.