Human Biology Blood Quiz

Front 1

Atria

Back 1

Upper heart chambers. Receive blood from veins

Front 2

Atrioventricular (AV) Node

Back 2

Relays the signal from SA node to ventricles to regulate their contraction

Front 3

Baroreceptors

Back 3

Sensory receptor in some arteries that senses blood pressure and signals Medulla oblongata to increase or decrease pressure

Front 4

Blood Vessels

Back 4

Tubes that transport blood throughout body

Front 5

What are the five types of blood vessels?

Back 5

Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, Veins

Front 6

Arteries

Back 6

Conducts blood away from the heart and toward the capillaries

Front 7

Arterioles

Back 7

The smallest arteries. Supply blood to the capillaries

Front 8

Capillary

Back 8

Smallest blood vessels. Sites of oxygen and CO2 exchange between blood and tissues.

Front 9

Venules

Back 9

Small blood vessel that transports blood from capillaries toward heart

Front 10

Vein

Back 10

Thin-walled blood vessel that returns blood to the heart

Front 11

Cardiac Cycle

Back 11

Sequence of events encompassing one complete contraction and relaxation cycle of the heart.

Front 12

Erythrocyte

Back 12

Red Blood Cell. Doughnut shaped cells due to lack of nucleus, also lack mitochondria. Carry oxygen to cells.

Front 13

Heart

Back 13

Muscular organ that pumps blood throughout body in two circuits

Front 14

What are the two circuits of circulation?

Back 14

Pulmonary and Systemic

Front 15

Pulmonary Circuit

Back 15

From right side of heart. Sends blood to lungs to pick up oxygen

Front 16

Systemic Circuit

Back 16

From left side of heart. Transports blood throughout body to deliver oxygen to tissues.

Front 17

Hemoglobin

Back 17

Oxygen-binding pigment in blood. Red due to iron, which binds the oxygen

Front 18

Leukemia

Back 18

Uncontrolled proliferation of blood cells

Front 19

Leukocytes

Back 19

White blood cells. Function in housekeeping and body defense. Variety of different cell types

Front 20

Basophils

Back 20

Release histamine and other substances during inflammatory response

Front 21

Eosinophils

Back 21

Attack parasites and invaders too large to be engulfed by phagocytic cells. Also function in allergic response

Front 22

Neutrophils

Back 22

Respond rapidly during infection. Surround and engulf bacteria

Front 23

Macrophage

Back 23

Engulfs damaged tissue, bacteria and foreign debris. Act as antigen-presenters to T cells and B cells in the immune response

Front 24

B lymphocyte (B cell)

Back 24

White blood cell that matures in bone marrow and gives rise to antibody-producing plasma cells

Front 25

T lymphocyte (T Cell)

Back 25

Responsible for cell-mediated immunity, which depends on the action of several different T cells.

Front 26

Natural Killer (NK) Cells

Back 26

Lymphocyte that can recognize and kill cancer cells and virus-infected cells before the immune system is activated

Front 27

Mast Cells

Back 27

Immune cell that detects foreign substances in tissue spaces and releases histamine to initiate a local inflammatory response

Front 28

Lymphatic System

Back 28

System consisting of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes and other tissues and organs. The lymphatic system returns excess fluid to the cardiovascular system and provides a site for immune surveillance.

Front 29

Medulla Oblongata

Back 29

Portion of brain stem that contains the center for controlling the cardiovascular system.

Front 30

Megakaryote

Back 30

Bone marrow cell that gives rise to platelets. Replicates its DNA without dividing, making cells many times larger than other cells.

Front 31

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Back 31

Division of autonomic nervous system that promotes activities associated with rest.

Front 32

Plasma

Back 32

The fluid (noncellular) portion of blood. Mostly water with ions, proteins and substances transported to cells

Front 33

Platelet

Back 33

Cell fragments involved in clotting in response to wounding

Front 34

Pukinje Fiber

Back 34

Cardiac muscle fibers that conduct electrical signal in heart to apex of ventricles to initiate contraction

Front 35

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

Back 35

Specialized myocardial cells in wall of right atrium that initiate the heartbeat. The pacemaker of the heart

Front 36

Stem Cell

Back 36

Cells that have not yet differentiated. In bone marrow, are the source of all blood cells and platelets.

Front 37

Sympathetic Nervous System

Back 37

Division of autonomic nervous system that helps the body cope with stressors and with situations requiring high mental or physical activity

Front 38

Ultrafiltration

Back 38

Leakage of plasma from capillaries into tissue spaces. Allows for movement of substances into tissues

Front 39

Ventricles

Back 39

Lower heart chambers. Pump blood into arteries for dispersion to lungs or rest of body tissues.