Vert. Morph 2012 Test 1

Front 1

Lancets belong to what subphylum?

Back 1

Cephalochordata

Front 2

Chondrichtyes retain nitrogenous waste in their tissues to help retain fluids in the form of what?

Back 2

Urea

Front 3

When fish move water over the gills in the opposite direction that blood flows through them

Back 3

Countercurrent exchange

Front 4

Teeth that are set firmly into jaw sockets, held in place by ligaments and cementum

Back 4

Theocodont

Front 5

Extinct jawless fish that has bony plates embedded in the dermis

Back 5

Ostracoderm

Front 6

Development of reproductive isolation among subgroups within a single area

Back 6

Sympatric Speciation

Front 7

Classification scheme based only on overall physical similarity

Back 7

Linnaean Taxonomy

Front 8

An ancestral trait, a character that is unchanged from the ancestral condition

Back 8

Plesiomorphy

Front 9

Other than vertebrae, one synapomorphy that unites the subphylum Vertebrata is

Back 9

A cranium

Front 10

The epidermis develops from which embryological layer

Back 10

Ectoderm

Front 11

The liver and pancreas develop from which embryological layer

Back 11

Endoderm

Front 12

Part of vertebrate cranium that develops as membrane bone in the dermis

Back 12

Neural Crest

Front 13

The basic functional unit of the kidney

Back 13

Nephron

Front 14

Common name of the group characterized by no jaws, a single nostril ad a single semicircular canal

Back 14

Hagfish

Front 15

In primitive gnathostomes, the vertebral element that extended around and above the spinal cord

Back 15

Neural Arch

Front 16

Acanthodians had jaws and the first known

Back 16

Teeth

Front 17

Structure used to release gas from a swim bladder

Back 17

Ovale

Front 18

Chain of small bones that conducts vibrations from swim bladder to ear

Back 18

Webberian Apparatus

Front 19

Stacked electrocytes that produce strong electrical discharges

Back 19

Electric organs

Front 20

4 synapomorphies that unite Chordates

Back 20

Notochord
Pharyngeal pouches
Dorsal hollow nerve cord
Post-anal tail w/segmented muscles

Front 21

Differences between dermal bone and endochondral bone

Back 21

Endochondral bone starts out as cartilage. Blood vessels begin ossification.
Dermal bone formed between two embryo tissue layers

Front 22

Functions of electrical charges in fish

Back 22

Communication, Electrolocation, Defense, Stun prey

Front 23

What is an out group?

Back 23

Group of organisms serving as a reference group for determination of evolutionary relationships.

Front 24

Ram ventilation vs. Buccal pumping

Back 24

Ram ventilation involves a fish moving into water as it passes through the mouth and over the gills
Buccal pumping involves the fish moving the floor of its mouth, bringing water into the buccal cavity

Front 25

What is an adaptation

Back 25

A trait with a current role in the life history of an organism, maintained through natural selection

Front 26

What is one disadvantage of phylogenetic systematics?

Back 26

Methods for defining clades vary among scientists

Front 27

What are two ways homologous traits can be distinguished from homoplastic traits?

Back 27

Homologous traits come from a common ancestor
You can look at the genes of the organism in question

Front 28

What is a polyphyletic taxon?

Back 28

Group characterized by one or more homoplasties

Front 29

Are glomeruli large or small in freshwater fish? Why?

Back 29

Large; they must excrete large amounts of water

Front 30

What are 4 functions of the vertebrate integument?

Back 30

Protection, storage, sensory reception, waste excretion

Front 31

What are 2 structures that develop from the embryonic mesoderm?

Back 31

Skeleton, notochord

Front 32

What is a neural crest?

Back 32

A vertebrate peripheral nervous system, forms into cranial skeleton, pigment cells, adrenal gland and teeth

Front 33

What are 2 synapomorphies that unite all gnathostomes?

Back 33

Movable jaw
At least two sets of paired fins

Front 34

Which is not part of Darwin's concept of evolution by natural selection?

Back 34

Traits acquired during an individuals life can be passed on to offspring

Front 35

Which are more likely to be preserved in the fossil record?

Back 35

Teeth and bones

Front 36

The earliest fossils are known from which period?

Back 36

Cambrian

Front 37

Compared to air, water

Back 37

Has higher density
Has higher electrical conductivity

Front 38

The electroreception organ in sharks is called

Back 38

The ampullae of Lorenzini

Front 39

Wjat is not true about the evolution of jaws in vertebrates?

Back 39

Jaws are derived from the splanchnocranium

Front 40

Sister species are

Back 40

Monophyletic

Front 41

Where would you most likely find member of Myxinoidea?

Back 41

Northern Pacific Ocean

Front 42

Urochordata usually have sessile larvae and a vagile adult form True or False?

Back 42

False

Front 43

Gases cant escape a fish's swim bladder because of guanine crystals True or False?

Back 43

True

Front 44

Marine vertebrates are hyperosmolal True or False?

Back 44

False

Front 45

Haikouichthyes is considered one of the earliest fossils of vertebrates because it had paired fins True or False?

Back 45

False

Front 46

Hagifish and Lampreys are jawless because they are parasitic True or False?

Back 46

True

Front 47

Derived gnathostomes have 3 semicircular canals True or False?

Back 47

True