Us History Fall Final

Front 1

Adams-Onis Treaty

Back 1

1819 - Spain gave Florida to the US

Front 2

The Alamo

Back 2

Fort in Texas, Mexican forces killed many Texans

Front 3

Alien and Sedition Acts

Back 3

Passed by John Adams to keep Jefferson's party from printing bad things about him

Front 4

American System

Back 4

pre-Civil War measures designed to unify and strengthen nation by means of protective tariffs, national bank, and other improvements

Front 5

Anaconda Plan

Back 5

Three-part strategy devised by Union to defeat the Confederacy in the Civil War

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Antebellum

Back 6

Descriptive of period before the Civil War

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Antifederalist

Back 7

Opponent of strong central government

Front 8

Articles of Confederation

Back 8

Document adopted by the Second Continental Congress in 1777 and approved by states in 1781 - outlined form of gov't in the new US

Front 9

Bank of the United States

Back 9

Hamilton, established by Congress. Opposed by Madison.

Front 10

Bill of Rights

Back 10

First 10 amendements to the Const.

Front 11

Black codes

Back 11

Post-civil war South, laws passed to severly restrict African Americans

Front 12

Bleeding Kansas

Back 12

Kansas territory pre-Civil war, battle ground between pro and anti-slavery forces

Front 13

Boston Massacre, Boston Tea party

Back 13

Mass - british soldiers vs. colonists, colonists killed.
TP - Protest against Tea Act

Front 14

Cabinet

Back 14

President's advisors, Washington created first

Front 15

Carpetbagger

Back 15

Northener who moved South after Civil War

Front 16

Columbian Exchange

Back 16

Transfer of plants, animals and diseases between Western and Eastern Hemisphere

Front 17

Committees of correspondence

Back 17

Group set up by colonits to exchange information about British threats to their liberties

Front 18

Common Sense

Back 18

Pamphelt by Thomas Paine, called for seperation of colonies from Britain

Front 19

Compromise of 1850

Back 19

series of measures to settle disagreements between free and slave states. Rejected when first proposed by Clay, but accepted when seperated and presented individually by Douglass. Most contriversial = fugitive slave act

Front 20

Confederacy

Back 20

CSA, South - 1861 - formed secession from Union

Front 21

Conquistador

Back 21

Spainards who travled to America as explorer in 16th century

Front 22

Cotton gin

Back 22

1793, Eli Whitney, cleans seeds from cotton fibers

Front 23

Declaration of Independence

Back 23

Written by Jefferson in 1776, delcared colonies independent from England

Front 24

Emancipation Proclaimation

Back 24

1863 - executive order by Lincoln to free all the slaves in all regions behind Confederate lines

Front 25

Enlightenment

Back 25

18th century movement - emphasized the use of reason and scientific method

Front 26

Erie Canal

Back 26

Connects Hudson River with Lake Erie, built between 1817 and 1825

Front 27

Excise tax

Back 27

Tax on production, sale or comsumption of goods produced in a country

Front 28

Federalism

Back 28

political system in which national government and state government share power

Front 29

Battles of Lexington and Concord

Back 29

first military engagement of the American Revolutionary War, began conflict between 13 colonies and England

Front 30

15th Amendment

Back 30

1870 - allows African Americans to vote

Front 31

"Fifty-four Forty or Fight!"

Back 31

Slogan used in 1844 campaign as a call for US annexation of the Oregon Territory.

Front 32

Forty-niner

Back 32

Someone who migrated to Cali to find gold

Front 33

14th Amendment

Back 33

1868 - slaves are now considered citizens

Front 34

Freedmen's Bureau

Back 34

Agency set up to help formar slaves after the Civil War

Front 35

Freeport Doctrine

Back 35

idea expressed by Douglass in 1858 that any territory could exclude slavery by refusing to pass laws supporting it

Front 36

Free-Soil Party

Back 36

1848 - formed to oppose extension of slavery into US territories. Supported Wilmot Proviso

Front 37

French and Indian War

Back 37

France vs. Britain, 1754 - 1763
Ended with defeat of France

Front 38

Fugitive Slave Act

Back 38

Part of Compromise of 1850, ensured that escaped slaves would be returned into bondage

Front 39

Gadsden Purchase

Back 39

1853 - US bought territory from Mexico, establishing current borders.

Front 40

Gag rule

Back 40

Rule limiting or preventing debate on a subject. Presented by Southerners to prevent anti-slavery people from petitioning against it

Front 41

Gettysburg Address

Back 41

1863 - speech by Lincoln during war, important

Front 42

Great Awakening

Back 42

revival of religious feeling in the colonies during 1730s and 1750s

Front 43

Great Comprimise (Connecticut Compromise)

Back 43

Agreement to establish a two-house legislature. States have equal representation in one house and by population in the other.

Front 44

Headright system

Back 44

Virginia Company's policy of granting 50 acres of land to each settelr who accompanied him

Front 45

Indentured servant

Back 45

Person contracted to work for a limited period of time in exchange for travel expenses, shelter, and food.

Front 46

Indian Removal Act

Back 46

1830 - forced Native Americans east of the Mississippi to the West

Front 47

Industrial Revolution

Back 47

Replacement of hand-tools with large-scale machines, change in social and economic organization

Front 48

Intolerable Acts

Back 48

1774 - Series of laws enacted by Parliament to punish Mass. colonists for the Boston Tea Party

Front 49

Journeyman

Back 49

Skilled worker employed by a master

Front 50

Judicial Review

Back 50

Supreme Court's power to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional - Marbury vs. Madision

Front 51

Judiciary Act of 1789

Back 51

Established federal court system and # of supreme court justices

Front 52

Judiciary Act of 1801

Back 52

Increased # of federal judges, allowing John Adams to fill posts with Federalists

Front 53

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Back 53

1854 - established territories of Kansas and Nebraska and allowed residents to decide whether or not to allow slavery

Front 54

Know-Nothing Party

Back 54

American Party, formed in 1850s to prevent political influence of immigrants

Front 55

Land Ordinance of 1785

Back 55

Law that established plans for surveying the lands West of the Appalachain Mts.

Front 56

Louisiana Purchase

Back 56

1803 - purchase by US from France of Louisiana Territory (Miss river to Rocky Mts) for $15 million

Front 57

Loyalists

Back 57

Colonists who supported British gov't during American Revolution

Front 58

Manifest Destiny

Back 58

19th century belief that the US would inevitably expand westwars to the Pacific and into Mexican territory - that it was their "destiny"

Front 59

Marbury vs. Madison

Back 59

1803 - "Midnight judge" sues because his position is revoked because it is invalid - case in which Supreme Court developed judicial review

Front 60

McCulloch vs. Maryland

Back 60

1819 - Supreme Court ruled Maryland had no right to tax Bank of the US, strengthening power of federal gov't control over economy

Front 61

Mestizo

Back 61

Mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry

Front 62

Mercantilism

Back 62

Economic system in which nations seek to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and establishing a favorable balance of trade

Front 63

Midnight judge

Back 63

Judge appointed by Adams in the last hours of his presidency to increase the amount of Federalists in the federal court

Front 64

Monroe Doctrine

Back 64

Policy of US opposition to European interference in Western affairs

Front 65

Middle Passage

Back 65

enslaved Africans to West Indies and then North America

Front 66

Jay's Treaty

Back 66

Treaty with Britain to avoid war, written by John Jay.

Front 67

Navigation Acts

Back 67

1651 - series of laws enacted by Parliament to tighten England's control of trade in the colonies

Front 68

Triangular trade

Back 68

Goods and people exchanged between Africa, England, Europe, West Indies, and the colonies

Front 69

Puritans

Back 69

Wanted to eliminate all traces of Roman Catholic ritual in the Church of England - came to America to flee persecution

Front 70

Minute Men

Back 70

Revolutionary war, Patriot soldiers that could be readey for battle in a minute

Front 71

First Continental Congress

Back 71

Met in Philadelphia, stop Intolerable Acts, drafted Articles of Association to boycott British goods

Front 72

Second Continental Congress

Back 72

Created Olive Branch Petition, drafted Declaration of Independence

Front 73

Olive Branch Petition

Back 73

sent by Second Continental Congress to King George III to propose a reconciliation between the colonies and Britain. Was rejected.

Front 74

XYZ Affair

Back 74

1797 - French officials demanded bribe from US diplomats

Front 75

Ratification

Back 75

Official approval of the Const. or of an amendment by the states

Front 76

Virginia Plan

Back 76

Proposed at constitutioanl convention, favored population-weighted representation

Front 77

New Jersey Plan

Back 77

Proposed one vote per state for equal representation, used as model for Senate

Front 78

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Back 78

Opposed and attacked Sedition Act

Front 79

Constitutionalism

Back 79

Limitation of gov't by law. Balance between power of gov't and power of people.

Front 80

Whiskey Rebellion

Back 80

1791 - Pennsylvania, rebellion of settlers who resisted the excise tax on liquor.

Front 81

Whig Party

Back 81

Formed in 1834 to oppose policies of Andrew Jackson

Front 82

Wilmot Proviso

Back 82

Proposed none of the territory aquired from the war with Mexico should be open to slavery.

Front 83

Gibbons v. Ogden

Back 83

Supreme Court decided Congress held the power to regulate interstate navigation.

Front 84

Nullification

Back 84

State's refusal to recognize an act of Congress that it considers unconstitutional

Front 85

War Hawk

Back 85

Member of Congress that favored war with Britain

Front 86

Treaty of Ghent

Back 86

1814 - Ended the war of 1812

Front 87

Tariff of Abominations

Back 87

Calhoun's name for an 1828 tariff that disadvantaged the South while benefitting the North

Front 88

National road

Back 88

1811 - federally funded, from Maryland to Illinois

Front 89

Spoils System

Back 89

(Jackson) Elected candidates reward supporters with gov't jobs.

Front 90

13th amendment

Back 90

1865 - abolished slavery

Front 91

Reconstruction

Back 91

Period of rebuilding that followed the Civil war, Confederacy readmitted to the Union

Front 92

Trail of Tears

Back 92

Marches where Native Americans were forcibly removed from GA to Indian territory with thousands dying on the way

Front 93

Panic of 1837

Back 93

financial crisis in which banks closed and credit system collapsed, bankruptcies and high unemployment

Front 94

Scalawag

Back 94

white Southerner that joined republican party after the Civil war

Front 95

Annex

Back 95

Incorporate territoy into existing nation

Front 96

Mexican-American War

Back 96

Supported by Democrats, opposed by Whigs. Ended with Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

Front 97

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Back 97

1848 - Treaty ending Mexican-American War, Mexican territories of California and New Mexico were ceded to the United States.

Front 98

Abolitionist

Back 98

Someone against slavery

Front 99

Seneca Falls Convention

Back 99

Women's rights convention. (Elizabeth Stanton, Lucretia Mott)

Front 100

Shay's Rebellion

Back 100

Debted Mass. farmers protesting increased state tax

Front 101

Secession

Back 101

Withdrawl of a state from the Union

Front 102

Missouri Compromise (Compromise of 1820)

Back 102

Missouri came in as slave state, Maine as a free state. Prohibited slavery for all new states north of the 36°30' line.

Front 103

Popular soveriegnty

Back 103

People of a state vote to decide an issue

Front 104

Fort Sumter

Back 104

The confederacy attacked Fort Sumter, beginning the Civil War.

Front 105

Republican Party

Back 105

Opponenets of slavery in the terriotories