Upper Extremity: Appendiclar Skeleton

Front 1

Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle consists of:

Back 1

2 clavicles

2 scapulae

Front 2

Functions of the Pectoral Girdle:

Back 2

Supports the upper limbs

Serves as attachment for several muscles

Rotator cuff muscles, biceps, deltoids, etc.

Front 3

Movements of the Pectoral Girdle:

Back 3

Elevation & depression

Upward & downward rotation

Protraction & retraction

Front 4

Clavicle:

Back 4

Rod like s-shaped bone

Most commonly fractured bone in the body

First bone to ossify in fetus

Front 5

Clavicle:

(3 portions)

Back 5

1. Body

2. Medial (sternal) end:

articulates with the manubrium of the sternum

3. Lateral (acromial) end:

articulates with acromion process of the scapula

Front 6

Clavicle:

(Functions)

Back 6

Braces scapulae to hold shoulder in place

Attachment place for muscles

Front 7

Scapula:

Back 7

Protects thoracic vertebrae 1-7 & ribs 2-7

Least fractured bone in the body

Front 8

Scapular Borders/margins:

Back 8

1. Vertebral/medial

2. Superior

3. Axillary/lateral

Front 9

Scapular Angles:

Back 9

1. Superior angle

2. Inferior angle

3. Lateral angle

Front 10

Scapular Fossa:

Back 10

Front 11

Scapular Landmarks:

Back 11

Front 12

Glenoid Labrum:

Back 12

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Front 13

Glenoid Labrum:

Back 13

1. Acromion

2. Subdeltoid bursa

3. Deltoid muscle

4. Humerus

5. Supraspinatus tendon

6. Capsular ligament

7. Glenoid labrum

8. Synovial membrane

9. Glenoid cavity of scapula

10. Glenoid labrum

Front 14

Glenoid Labrum:

Back 14

Front 15

Humerus: (Proximal end): Head:

Back 15

Articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula

Front 16

Humerus: (Proximal end): Necks:

Back 16

Anatomical & Surgical

Front 17

Humerus: (Proximal end): Greater Tubercle:

Back 17

Lateral Aspect

Front 18

Humerus: (Proximal end): Lesser Tubercle:

Back 18

Anterior/medial aspect

Front 19

Humerus: (Proximal end): Bicipital groove:

Intertubercular sulcus

Back 19

Between tubercles

Front 20

Humerus: (Proximal end): Shaft:

Back 20

Deltoid tuberosity

Front 21

Ligaments of the shoulder:

Back 21

Front 22

Humerus: (Distal end): Capitulum:

Back 22

Anterolateral articular surface

Articulates with the head of the radius

Front 23

Humerus: (Distal end): Trochlea:

Back 23

Anteromedial articular surface

Articulates with the ulna

Front 24

Humerus: (Distal end): Medial & Lateral Epicondyles

Back 24

Medial is larger & bears a groove for the ulnar nerve

Front 25

Humerus: (Distal end): Medial & Lateral Supracondylar ridges:

Back 25

Front 26

Humerus: (Distal end): Coronoid & Radial fossa:

Back 26

Allow for movement of coronoid process of ulna & radial head

Front 27

Humerus: (Distal end): Olecranon fossa:

Back 27

Allow for movement of the olecranon process of ulna

Front 28

Forearm: Radius:

Back 28

*Carrying bone of the hand*

Front 29

Forearm: Radius: Radial Head:

Back 29

Proximal

Articulates with capitulum & ulna (radial notch)

Can rotate freely upon ulna

Front 30

Forearm: Radius: Radial Tuberosity:

Back 30

Proximal

Point of attachment with the bicep

Front 31

Forearm: Radius: Styloid Process:

Back 31

Distal

Attachment site for ligaments of wrist

Front 32

Forearm: Ulna: Trochlear Notch:

Back 32

Proximal

Articulation with Trochlea of the humerus

Front 33

Forearm: Ulna: Coronoid Process:

Back 33

Proximal

Contains radial notch

Front 34

Forearm: Ulna: Olecranon Process:

Back 34

Proximal

Largest process of the ulna

Front 35

Ulna: Proximal End

Back 35

Front 36

Forearm: Ulna: Head & Styloid Process

Back 36

Distal

Attachment point for ligaments of the wrist

Front 37

Carpal Bones (Wrist):

Back 37

Includes 8 bones

Front 38

Carpal Bones (Wrist): Proximal Row:

Back 38

From radial side to ulnar

1. Scaphoid (navicular) - "anatomical snuff box"

2. Lunate

3. Triquetrum - triangular

4. Pisiform - not present at birth, forms 9-12 yrs

Front 39

Carpal Bones (Wrist): Distal Row:

Back 39

From radial to ulnar side

1. Trapezium

2. Trapezoid

3. Capitate

4. Hamate

Front 40

Carpal Bones: (Wrist):

Back 40

Front 41

Metacarpals & Phalanges:

Back 41

Metacarpals: 5 (in palm)

Phalanges:

each digit has 3 phalanges

except thumb: 2 phalanges

Front 42

Metacarpals:

Back 42

Numbered from thumb to little finger

1. Base - proximal extremity

2. Shaft (or body)

3. Head - distal extremity

Front 43

Phalanges:

Back 43

Each digit has three phalanges except for thumb which has 2 phalanges

1. Proximal

2. Middle (not found in thumb)

3. Distal

Front 44

Metacarpals & Phalanges:

Back 44