Topik Grammar: First 30

Front 1

A. verb+아/어/여주다

Back 1

To do something for someone

사주세요.

Please buy me an iPhone.

Front 2

A. Verb+아/어/여드리다

Back 2

To do something for someone else (honorific of아/어/여주다)

해드릴게요

I will do it for you.

Front 3

V+아/어/여보다

Back 3

It is used to convey meanings such as 'someone tries doing something (to see how it will turn out) or 'someone does something to see (how it will turn out).'

오늘낙지를먹어봅 시다.

Let’s try eating octopus today.

Front 4

D./A. Verb+아/어/여보이다

Back 4

It conveys meanings such as likeness, resemblance, or similarity. When attached directly to the stems of adjectives. The past tense form of this pattern is '-아/어/여보였다.'

맛있어 보여요.

It looks delicious.

Front 5

D./A. Verb+아/어/여도, next part of the sentence

Back 5

`-도' is used to express 'even if, even though'

질이 좋아도 비싸요.

Even if quality is good but it’s expensive.

Front 6

D./A. Verb+아/어/여도 되다

Back 6

This pattern is used to ask for and giving permission. A positive reply should be like아/어/여도되다/좋다/ 괜찮다, For the negative answer to a request for permission, you have to use the pattern '(으)면안되다.' May do’

들어와도 돼요?

May I come in?

Front 7

D./A. Verb+아/어/여서 1

Back 7

Is used to indicate cause or reason; in declarative and interrogative sentences; cannot be used in imperative and propositive sentence, where another connective '-(으)니까' is used

아파서 학교에 못 가요.

I can’t go school because I’m sick.

Front 8

A. Verb+아/어/여서 2

Back 8

It is used when the subject performs one action and then a second one; it is attached to the first verb and is then followed by a second verb.

아침에 일어나서 샤워를 해요.

I take shower after I wake up in the morning.

Front 9

D./A. Verb+아/어/여야 되다/하다

Back 9

is used to express obligation or necessity; tense is expressed in the verb '하다'. ‘Must, have to’

매일 학교에 가야 돼요.

One should go to school daily.

제가 내일 부산에 가야 해요.

I have to go to Busan tomorrow.

Front 10

A. Verb+아/어/여야겠다

Back 10

Will have to do something.

5월 말까지 세금을 내야겠어요.

I’ll have to pay taxes by end of May.

Front 11

A/V+아/어/여요

Back 11

The informal polite speech style (present tense)

나는 시장에 가요/갑니다.

I’m going to market.

이 책이 좋아요.

This book is good.

Front 12

D. Verb+아/어/여지다

Back 12

To become/get …something (Change is status/degree)

날씨가 더워져요.

The weather is getting hot.

열심히 공부하면 한국어 실력이 좋아질 거예요.

If you study hard, your Korean will get better.

Front 13

D./A. Verb+았/었/였다

Back 13

Past Tense

It is used to indicate an action which took place in the past or a condition which used to exist.

사라는 어제 고향에 갔어요.

Sara went to hometown yesterday.

영화가 재미있었어요.

The movie was interesting.

Front 14

D/A. Verb+았/었/였겠다

Back 14

This grammar pattern is used to convey supposition, conjecture, a guess, a thought or observation about something in the past. It can sometimes be translated as 'I think', 'I bet', 'I guess', 'It must have been ~'. This pattern cannot be used to express the thoughts or supposition (etc) of a second or third person and must express the thought of the person saying or writing it.

배고팠겠다.

You must have been hungry.

우리는 늦었어. 수업이 끝났겠어.

We are late. The class must have been over.

Front 15

D./A. Verb+았/었/였으면좋 겠다

Back 15

It is used to express the speaker's hope or desire. Even though the past tense -았/었/였- is used, this pattern does not refer to the past. So, even when this pattern is used without the past tense like ‘-(으)면좋겠다', there is no difference in meaning.

키가 좀 더 컸으면 졸겠어요.

I wish I was a little taller.

여행을 갈 수 있었으면 좋겠다.

It would have been great if I could go on a trip.

Front 16

이/가아니다

Back 16

Is/am/are not. The negative of ‘-이다‘

저는 중국 사람이 아닙니다.

I am not Chinese.

이것은 사실이 아니에요.

This is not the truth.

Front 17

이에요/예요

Back 17

The informal polite form of ‘-입니다’

내 책이에요.

This is my book.

Front 18

A. Verb+ (으)ㄴ지 (시간) 되다

Back 18

This pattern 'Verb + -(으)ㄴ지 + time word + 되다' is used to express an interval of time which extends from a definite past to the present. The case marker '-가` or '-는' can be attached optionally after ‘지'

대학교를 졸업한 지 5년 됐어요.

It has been 5 years since I graduated from University.

Front 19

A./D. Verb+ (으)ㄴ/는/을 것 같다

N+ 인 것 같다

Back 19

It seems/looks/appears like …….

N+ 인 것 같다 -Present

D. Verb + (으)ㄴ것 같다 -Present/past

D. Verb+ (으)ㄹ 것 같다 -Future

A. Verb+ (으)ㄴ것 같다 -Past

A. Verb+ 는 것 같다 -Present

A. Verb+ (으)ㄹ 것 같다 -Future

그 사람은 한국인인 것 같아.

I think he is Korean.

이게 더 좋은 것 같아요.

I think this is better.

비가 오는 것 같아.

I guess it's raining.

곧 도착할 것 같아요.

I think I’ll arrive soon

Front 20

A. Verb+(으)ㄴ 후에, next part of the sentence

Back 20

It means ‘after having done something’; used with the action verbs. The tense is expressed in the main (final) verb.

수업이 끝난 후에 시장에 가자.

Let’s go to the market after class.

Front 21

A./D. Verb+ (으)ㄹ 거예요

Back 21

The informal ending of the future tense ‘-(으)ㄹ겁니다‘; with a 3rd person subject it expresses a supposition or presumption, with a 1st person subject – the speaker’s plan or intention

우리는 오늘 문법을 공부할 거에요.

We will study grammar today.

박 대통령님은 인도 방문을 할 거예요.

President Park supposes to visit India.

Front 22

A./D. Verb+ (으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다

Back 22

It is used with verbs and indicates ability, capability, possibility or permission

누가 이것을 할 수 있어요?

Who can do this?

Front 23

A./D. Verb + (으)ㄹ 줄 알았다/몰랐다

Back 23

I didn’t know that …………

학교가 이렇게 넓을 줄 몰랐어요.

I didn’t know that the school is so big.

돈을 버는 게 이렇게 어려운 줄 몰랐어요.

I didn’t know earning money is so difficult.

Front 24

A. Verb+ (으)ㄹ까하다

Back 24

‘I am thinking of doing something…’

방학때 여행을 할까 해요.

I’m thinking of going on a trip in vacation.

Front 25

A. Verb+ (으)ㄹ래요

Back 25

This grammar pattern has several usages:

1. When used with in the first person tense, it is used to expresses the intention or will of the speaker.

2. When used with another subject, it asks for the thoughts and intentions of the listener. This can be a polite way of asking someone if they want to or can do something either with you or for you. However in the case with strangers, elders or people in a higher status position, you should attach the honorific suffix 시 if you are asking them to do something for you, otherwise it can still seem rude (even with a 요 ending!).

나는 이제 잘래.

I'm going to sleep now.

내일 영화 보러 갈래요?

Do you want to go see a movie tomorrow?

너 죽을래?

Do you wanna die?

소주 한 병 더 주실래요?

Could I have another bottle of soju?"

Front 26

A. Verb+ (으)러, next part of the sentence.

Back 26

It is used to express the purpose of the subject's action and is followed by either '가다'(to go), '오다'(to come) or their compounds, or any verb which indicates movement, such as '다니다'(to go and come regularly)

수영하러 갑시다.

Let’s go for swimming.

Front 27

A. Verb+(으)려고

하는데요

Back 27

Plan/intend to do ….

미래에 사업을 하려고 하는데요.

I plan to do business in future.

Front 28

+(으)려면, last part of the sentence.

Back 28

If you want to do … / In order to do ….

장학금을 받으려면 열심히 공부해야 돼요.

If you want to get scholarship then you have to study hard.

Front 29

D./A. Verb+(으)면 되다

Back 29

You just have to do …

여기 사인해 주시면 돼요.

You just have to sign here.

학생은 성실하면 돼요.

A student should be sincere.

Front 30

D./A.Verb+(으)면 좋다

Back 30

It would be good if ….

아침 9시에 오시면 좋겠어요.

It would be good if you come at 9 AM.

Front 31

A. Verb+(으)ㅂ시다

Back 31

It is used to express the subject's suggestion with the action verbs and the verb of existence '있다'. It cannot be used with '이다' nor with adjectives. In plain speech

커피 한잔 마십시다.

Let’s have a cup of coffee together.