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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Brain made up of |
Interconnected neurones |
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4 parts of brain and functions |
Cerebral cortex - consciousness, intelligence, memory, language Medulla - unconscious, breathing Cerebellum - muscle contraction and and coordination Spinal cord |
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Studying brain |
Studying patients with brain damage Electrical stimulation - electrode into tissue and electricity - observe what happens MRI - magnetic resonance imaging Produce image What parts of brain are active when doing something |
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Auxin commercial uses |
Killing weeds - weeds are broad-leaved (grasses are narrow-leaved). Selective weedkillers developed using auxins which only affects broadleaved plants - disrupt normal growth patterns and kills them Growing from cuttings - add rooting powder containing auxins and produce roots and grow new plants -lots of clones quickly Growing cells in tissues culture - tissue culture used to grow clones of a plant from a few of its cells. Hormones like auxin need to be added to growth medium along with nutrients to stimulate the cells to divide to form both roots and shoots |
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Gibberelins commercial use |
Controlling dormancy - dormancy is when lots of seeds need germinate until they have been through certain conditions. Seeds can be treated with gibberellins to alter dormancy and germinate whenever. Also make sure they all germinate at the same time. Inducing flowering - some plants require certain conditions to flower. Gibberellin make them flower without any change to environment. Used to grow bigger flowers Growing larger fruit - seedless don't grow as large and seeded. Gibberellin grows them larger |
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Ethene use |
Gas produced by aging parts of fruits Influences growth by controlling cell division Stimulates enzymes that cause fruit to ripen on or off plant Picked unripe and ripen on way to stores Ripening can be delayed by adding chemicals which either block ethenes effect or reduce amount of ethene it produces or chemicals can react with ethene to remove it from the air |
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Fossils |
Remains of organisms from millions of years ago which are found in rocks Formed by: Gradual replacement by minerals - teeth bones and shells don't decay easily - gradually replaced by minerals forming a rock like substance Casts - organism buried in soft material like clay - clay hardens around it - burrows rootlet traces Preservation - in amber and tar pits - no oxygen or moisture so microorganisms and bacteria can't decay - glaciers - peat bogs too acidic |
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Disadvantages of selective breeding |
Lead to inbreeding - cause an increased chance of organisms inheriting harmful genetic defects And inbreeding leads to a population being wiped out by a new disease |
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Ivf |
Fsh and lh to stimulate eggs to mature Eggs collected from ovaries Fertilised with sperm in lab Grown into embryo When a ball of cells some are placed in uterus |
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Label eye |
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7 groups of classification |
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Kids play cleverly over females going sskrrrrtt |
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Carl linnaeus classification |
1700s Species classified by characteristics and visible features |
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Reasons for change of classification |
Advancement of biochemical processes taking place inside organisms Improvements in microscopes Evidence for new chemical techniques like RNA sequence analysis |
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Car woese system |
3 domain system Archaea - primitive bacteria in extreme places Bacteria -true bacteria Eukaryota - broad range of organisms including fungi plants animals and protists |
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Bioleaching |
Bacteria convert copper compounds in ore into soluble copper compounds Copper is separated from the ore Leachate is the solution formed Leachate contains copper ions which can be removed by electrolysis or displacement with a more reactive metal |
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Phtyomining |
Grow plants in soil that contains copper Plants can't get rid or use the copper Burned Ash contains soluble copper compounds Extracted by electrolysis or displacement |
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Thermosetting polymer |
Strong covalent bonds between polymer chains |
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LCA |
Stage 1: Extraction of raw materials can damage habitats and noise pollution. Energy for extraction from burning fossil fuels, releases CO2, contributing to global warming.
Stage 2: Manufacturing uses lots of energy. Release harmful fumes, particulates/soot/carbon monoxide. Waste from reactions need to be disposed. But some can be turned into useful chemicals.
Stage 3: Use of some products can release toxic chemicals into water systems/noise pollution/release greenhouse gases. Some require energy from burning fossil fuels.
Stage 4: Disposal on landfill sites, pollute land and water. Recycling reduces landfill, reduce environmental impact. |
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Sewage treatment |
Screen: Remove large material and grit Sedimentation: Heavy solids sink and form sludge Lighter effluent float Aerobic digestion: Effluent are broken down by aerobic bacteria Anaerobic digestion: Sludge broken down by anaerobic digestion by bacteria Anaerobic digestion releases methane gas that can be used as an energy source and remaining waste for fetilisers |
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Compound |
A substance containing two or more elements Chemically combined |
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Water moves into leaves |
Transpiration through the xylem |
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What is an advantage of stomata not being on upper side of the leaf |
Less water loss So it doesn't wilt |
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Glucose from small intestine to muscle |
Absorbed into blood by diffusion Blood delivers glucose to muscles in capillaries |
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Capillary function |
Allow food and oxygen to diffuse into cells |
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Damage to lining of small intestine |
Damage villi Lower surface area Less absorption of glucose and amino acids Less glucose means less energy from respiration is transferred so stunted growth Less amino acids means less protein so less growth |
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Uses of monoclonal antibodies |
Treat some cancers Locate specific molecules or hormones Locate blood clots |
