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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is ICT infrastructure? |
ICT infrastructure is particularly concerned with the articulation (processing, transmission and storage) of data.. using digital computing and communications technology... |
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Access devices. |
Most communication with organisations is now achieved through tele-communication - communication at a distance. We use various technological devices to make such communication... access devicess. These devices transmit messages and sometimes records between the external or internal actor and the front-end ICT systems of organisations. |
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What are communication channels? |
Access devices work with communication channels - A communication channel is enabled over communication networks... a set of tele-communication devices connected together with communication 'lines'. |
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Communication networks. |
Most communication networks qork with a set of standards established for the inter-network or internet in the 1970s.. by the defence research agency in the US. |
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How is the internet accessed? |
Access to the internet is provided through layers of internet service providers (ISPs), which connect in turn to internet application providers (IAPs), which connect in turn through a network access point to a high-speed communication backbone.. |
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The internet. |
Each device on the internet is given a unique address.. messages are then structured as packets and routed over the internet. 126.203.97.54 is an example of an IP address. |
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How is a message sent from one device to another over the internet? |
The message is first divided into 'packets'... Each packet is then directed to its destination by devices known as 'routers'... |
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Front-end ICT |
Front-end ICT systems are now also typically built using a set of standards established for the World-Wide-Web in the 1980s.. by Tim Berners-Lee |
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What is the World-Wide-Web? |
An open standard for hypermedia documents expressed in something known as Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) |
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What is HTML? |
HTML is made up of a series of tags which define what to do with the content of some Web page |
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What is a website? |
A web-site normally consists of a number of web pages which interact with data structures held in databases.. |
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What is required ti transfer web documents over the internet? |
A protocol known as Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) |
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What is a browser? |
The browser decodes a HTML document and presents it on the display access of the access device. |
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Layers of an ICT system. |
Modern ICT systems are built in layers or tiers. Each tier may be placed on a different device and connected together with other tiers through a communication network.. Communication with the ICT sustem is conducted through the interface.. The bsuiness layer provudes the core 'logic' of the ICT system... Data is held within data structures manipulated by the data subsystem... |
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What is the user unterface? |
The user interface is responsible for managing the dialogue between the human and the ICT system. |
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Business rules. |
The rules tuer implements the logic of the ICT application.. Business rules are particularly used to enforce constraints upon data entered into the ICT system.. |
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What is the transaction system? |
A transaction is a unit of work which creates, reads, updates or deletes data structures/elements/items within the ICT systems. |
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What is the data subsytem tier? |
The data tier maintains the data structures required by the ICT systems... |
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What does the tierded arcitecture of an ICT system allow? |
It to be used by different actors in differnet ways. |
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What does an ICT system provife to organisation? |
- Functionality : is what you can do with an ICT system... which is largely a concern of how it helps actors articulate data structures within some data system.. - Usability : Is how easily you can use the functions of the ICT system to do things... to use articulation to communicate things.. - Utility : Is some assessment as to how important ICT- enabled communication is to the coordibation if activity. |
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The key benefits of increased functionality provided by ICT to a data system. |
.. |
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What is the infrastructures of ICT systems important to? |
- Data centres - Meta-data and surveilance - Domain names - Ubiquitous computing - Tangible computing - ICT systems as actors |
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Key points. |
- ICT infrastructure is particularly concerned with the transmission and storage of data structures. - Access devices are technologies used to allow actors remote data communucation to ICT systems. - Access devices work with communication channels.. normally adopting internet standards.. such as IP. - Front-end ICT systems are typically built using Web standards.. such as HTML - ICT systems are now normally bukit in a tiered architecture. - The interface tier manages human machine dialogue. - The business rules layer codes the core 'logic' of the ICT system. - The transaction tier manages data articulation as units of work. - The data layer manages the data structures in databases. - ICT systems in whole or part can be accessed through the internet, through intranets and Extranets. |
