Study Guide: Chapter 3

Front 1

What's the other name for the plasma membrane?

Back 1

phospholipid bi-layer

Front 2

Does the phospholipid by-layer have proteins dispersed in it?

Back 2

yes

Front 3

What depicts the plasma membrane as an exceedingly thin (7-10 nm) structure composed of a double layer, or bi-layer, of lipid molecules with protein molecules dispersed in it?

Back 3

the fluid mosaic model

Front 4

Phospholipids are oriented with _________ tails in the center of the bi-layer.

Back 4

hydrophobic

Front 5

Phospholipids serve as the barrier to larger ______ substances.

Back 5

polar

Front 6

Proteins in the phospholipid bi-layer can allow more ______.

Back 6

permeability

Front 7

The plasma membrane is ________ permeable.

Back 7

selectively

Front 8

The plasma membrane is ________ permeable.

Back 8

selectively

Front 9

diffusion
simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis

What kind of processes are these?

Back 9

passive

Front 10

What is this?

Movement of substances down or along a concentration gradient, from greater to lesser concentration. Powered by kinetic energy of the molecules.

Back 10

diffusion

Front 11

What kind of diffusion is this?

Lipid soluble substances move through the lipid, such as O2, and CO2.

Back 11

simple

Front 12

What kind of diffusion is this?

Small charged particles (such as Na+, and K+) can diffuse through channel proteins.

Back 12

simple

Front 13

What kind of diffusion is this?

For polar and large molecules such as glucose.

Back 13

facilitate

Front 14

What kind of diffusion is this?

Use of a specific protein carrier molecule to shuttle glucose (or amino acids) across the membrane (down the concentration gradient).

Back 14

facilitated

Front 15

What kind of passive process is this?

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane (like the plasma membrane).

Back 15

osmosis

Front 16

What happens to a red blood cell in a hypotonic solution?

Back 16

swells, can burst or hemolyze

Front 17

What happens to a red blood cell in a hypertonic solution?

Back 17

will shrink, or crenate

Front 18

What will happen to a red blood cell in an isotonic solution?

Back 18

no net volume change

Front 19

What is isotonic for NaCL?

Back 19

0.09%

Front 20

What is isotonic for glucose?

Back 20

5%

Front 21

What are we talking about?

Use of hydrostatic (fluid) pressure to push water and dissolved solutes through a membrane. Occurs in capillarys and in forming urine.

Back 21

filtration

Front 22

What do active processes us for energy?

Back 22

ATP

Front 23

What kind of transport are we talking about?

Use of a carrier protein (like facilitated diffusion) to move substances against a concentration gradient (unlike facilitated diffusion).

Back 23

active

Front 24

What kind of pump moves Na+ out of cells and at the same time brings K+ into cells? Uses ATP directly to energize the carrier.?

Back 24

Na+-K+ pump

Front 25

What is primary active transport?

Back 25

the Na+-K+ pump

Front 26

Is glucose transported by primary active or secondary active?

Back 26

secondary

Front 27

What are we talking about here?

exocytosis
phagosytosis
receptor-mediated endocytosis

Back 27

the 3 types of vesicular transport

Front 28

What is the function of the Mitochondria?

Back 28

The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell, it produces ATP.

Front 29

What is the structure of the Mitochondria?

Back 29

> two membranes

> with the general structure of the plasma membrane

Front 30

What organelle has it's own DNA and RNA and are able to reproduce themselves?

Back 30

mitochondria

Front 31

What is the function of Ribosomes?

Back 31

Ribosomes are sites of protein synthesis.

Front 32

What is the structure of Ribosomes?

Back 32

Granules composed of protein and ribosomal RNA.

Front 33

What does Rough Endoplasmic Reticulation (RER) do?

Back 33

Its Ribosome's manufacture all proteins secreted from cells.

It's also the cells membrane factory.

Front 34

What is the structure of the RER?

Back 34

The external surface is studded with Ribosomes.

It's a membrane that en-circles the nucleus.

Front 35

What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Back 35

> Plays no role in protein synthesis.

> Communicates with RER.

> Catalyzes reactions.

Front 36

True or false?

Most body cells contain little, if any true smooth ER.

Back 36

true

Front 37

What is the structure of the SER?

Back 37

Tubules arranged in a looping network.

Front 38

What is the function of the Golgi?

Back 38

Traffic director for cellular proteins.

Front 39

What is the major function of the Golgi, in addition to being the traffic cop for cellular proteins?

Back 39

modify, concentrate and package proteins and lipids made at the RER.

Front 40

What does the Golgi look like?

Back 40

stacked and flattened membranous sacs, shaped like hollow dinner plates, associated with swarms of tiny membranouse vesicles.

Front 41

What is a Lysosome?

Back 41

aka "disintegrator bodies"

Spherical membranous organelles containing digestive enzymes.

Front 42

What do Lysosomes do?

Back 42

They digest protein molecules.

Front 43

What is Cilia?

Back 43

Cellular extensions. Basically hairs along the respiratory system.

Front 44

What do Cilia do?

Back 44

Move mucus and other substances past the cells and out of the respiratory system.

Front 45

What is the Nuclear Envelope?

Back 45

a double membrane barrier separated by a fluid-filled space.

Front 46

Does the nuclear envelope have pores?

Back 46

yes

Front 47

What is the purpose of the pores on the nuclear envelope?

Back 47

to permit transfer of RNA, ribosome subunits, etc.

Front 48

What is this?

Cell division resulting in two cells with the same DNA?

Back 48

Mitosis

Front 49

What is Mitosis?

Back 49

Cell division resulting in two cells with the same DNA.

Front 50

What is this?

Cell division that produces eggs and sperm, cells with half the DNA.

Back 50

Meiosis

Front 51

What is Meisosis?

Back 51

Cell division that produces eggs and sperm.

Front 52

How is the full DNA content restored in Meiosis?

Back 52

fertilization

Front 53

What are we talking about?

Cell division that produces eggs and sperm.

Back 53

Meiosis

Front 54

What is this?

1) DNA code for a protein (a gene) is copied into messenger RNA.

2) Messenger RNA goes to the cyptoplasm and binds to a ribosome.

3) Transfer RNA brings the amino acids specified by the messenger RNA.

4) Peptide (covalent) bonds form between the amino acids.

5) Finished protein falls off the ribosome (synthesis of the protein is translation).

Back 54

The process of protein synthesis

Front 55

What is your neumonic for the process of protein synthesis?

Back 55

1) DNA
2) RNA
3) RNA
4) peptide
5) fall off ribosome

Front 56

What does your neumonic for protein creation mean?

Back 56

1) DNA - a gene is transcribed (copied) into mRNA.

2) RNA - mRNA goes to the cytoplasm and binds to a ribosome.

3) RNA - Transfer RNA brings the amino acids specified by the messenger RNA

4) peptide - (covalent) bonds form between the amino acids

5) fall off ribosome - Finished protein falls off the ribosome (synthesis of the protein is translation).

Front 57

What is your essay neumonic?

Back 57

FF MD PGE

fondess
function
mono
di
poly
glucose/glycogen
end