Spinal Cord

Front 1

Receives SENSORY information from dorsal root

Back 1

Dorsal HORN of Gray matter

Front 2

Cell bodies from LMN that contribute to ventral root

Back 2

Ventral HORN of Gray matter

Front 3

Lies between the dorsal and ventral roots that is related to the ANS

Back 3

Intermediate Horn of Gray matter

Front 4

Lies between the dorsal horns

Back 4

Dorsal column of white matter

Front 5

Lies between the ventral horns

Back 5

Ventral column of white matter

Front 6

Lies between dorsal and ventral horns on each side

Back 6

Lateral column of white matter

Front 7

Ascending tract

Back 7

Spinothalamic tract

Front 8

Is the Ascending tract sensory or motor?

Back 8

Sensory

Front 9

Descending tract

Back 9

Corticospinal tract

Front 10

Is the descending tract sensory or motor?

Back 10

Motor

Front 11

Which structures run the entire length of spinal cord?

Back 11

-Substantia Gelatinosa
-Nucleus proprius
-Medial Motor Cell column (LMN)

Front 12

Organization of neuron cell bodies of spinal cord

Back 12

Nucleus (of gray matter)

Front 13

Which structures run T1-L3 of the spinal cord?

Back 13

Intermediolateral cell column (SYMPATHETIC)

Front 14

Which structures run S2-S4 of the spinal cord?

Back 14

Interomediolateral cell column (PARASYMPATHETIC)

Front 15

Which structures run C5-T1 and L2-S3 of the spinal cord?

Back 15

Lateral Motor Cell Column

Front 16

Function of Substantia Gelatinosa

Back 16

Sensory, modulates incoming pain impulses

Front 17

Function of Nucleus Proprius

Back 17

Sensory, contains cells that receive incoming sensory impulses and has axons that form *ascending tracts*

Front 18

Sensory, contains cells that receive incoming sensory impulses and has axons that form *ascending tracts*

Back 18

Nucleus Proprius

Front 19

Sensory, modulates incoming pain impulses

Back 19

Substantia Gelatinosa

Front 20

Function of Spinal Accessory Nucleus

Back 20

C1-C6; Forms Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

-supplies trapezius and sternocleidomastoid m.

Front 21

Function of Phrenic Nerve

Back 21

C3, C4, C5 "Keeps the diaphragm alive"

-forms motor component of phrenic nerve; for INN of diapghram

Front 22

Function of Lateral Motor Cell Column (C5-T1)

Back 22

C5-T1; Provides lower motor neuron fibers for INN of UPPER extremity muscles

Front 23

Function of Lateral Motor Cell Column (L2-S3)

Back 23

Provides lower motor neuron fibers for INN of LOWER extremity muscles

Front 24

Function of Medial Motor Cell Column

Back 24

Entire Spinal cord, provides lower motor neuron divers for innervation of TRUNK muscles

Front 25

Function of Intermediolateral Cell column

Back 25

T1-L3, Provides preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers

Front 26

Function of Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus

Back 26

S2-S4; Provides preganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers for descending colon, sigmoid colon, and pelvic viscera

Front 27

These Nuclei have SENSORY functions

Back 27

-Substantia Gelatinosa
-Nucleus Proprius

Front 28

These Nuclei have MOTOR functions

Back 28

-Accessory N
-Phrenic N
-Lateral Motor Cell Column
-Medial Motor Cell Column
-Interomediolateral Cell Column
-Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus

Front 29

Where are the CNS nuclei located?

Back 29

Gray matter of Spinal cord

Front 30

Postcentral gyrus controls function for what? p 17

Back 30

hip, trunk, arm, hand, face, pharynx

Front 31

Paracentral lobule controls functions for what? p 17

Back 31

leg, foot (pre, sensory)
leg, foot, genitals (post, motor)

Front 32

Precentral gyrus controls functions for what? p 17

Back 32

hip, trunk, arm, hand, face (motor)

Front 33

The genitals are associated with what homonculus?

Back 33

Postcentral, SENSORY homunculus

Front 34

How can the thalamic nuclei be subdivided?

Back 34

-Specific relay nuclei
-Association nuclei
-Non-specific nuclei

Front 35

Which input does the specific relay nuclei receive?

Back 35

Sensory and motor input

Front 36

Once the sensory and motor input of specific relay nuclei are processed, they are projected where?

Back 36

At the primary motor or sensory areas

Front 37

Name all the thalamic nuclei

Back 37

-Ventral anterior (VA)
-Ventral lateral (VL)
-Ventral posterior lateral (VPL)
-Ventral posterior medial (VPM)
-Medial geniculate nucleus (MGN)
-Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)

Front 38

Function of ventral anterior (VA) of thalamic nuclei

Back 38

motor relay

Front 39

Function of ventral lateral (VL) of thalamic nuclei

Back 39

motor relay

Front 40

Function of ventral posterior lateral (VPL) of thalamic nuclei

Back 40

pain and temp, epicritic for body

Front 41

Function of ventral posterior medial (VPM) of thalamic nuclei

Back 41

pain and temp, epicritic for head

Front 42

Function of Medial geniculate nucleus (MGN)

Back 42

hearing

Front 43

Function of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)

Back 43

vision

Front 44

Although there are ___ cervical vertebrae, there are ___ spinal nerves

Back 44

7, 8

Front 45

Location where spinal cord ends is the best place for what?

Back 45

Spinal tap

Front 46

All ventral roots contain LMN's but: L2 and L3 ventral roots also contain ____ _____ ____.

Back 46

preganglionic SYMPathetic fibers

Front 47

S2, S3, and S4 ventral roots contain ____ _____ _____.

Back 47

preganglionic PARAsympathetic fibers

Front 48

What is used for spinal tamps, to sample CSF?

Back 48

Lumbar cistern

Front 49

Dorsal Rami INN what?

Back 49

INN back

Front 50

Ventral Rami INN what?

Back 50

Everything other than back

Front 51

Where is fasiculus gracilus found?

Back 51

more medial, dorsal column

Front 52

Where is fasiculus cuneatus found?

Back 52

more lateral, dorsal column

Front 53

Damage BELOW medulla causes what?

Back 53

Ipsilateral damage (same side)

Front 54

Damage ABOVE medulla causes what?

Back 54

Contralateral damage (Opposite side)

Front 55

What initiates and executes motor activity, especially WILLED movement. It is an automatic stereotyped movement of a postural and reflex natural. aka the "striatial motor system"

Back 55

Basal Ganglia

Front 56

What is involved in the maintenance of posture and balance, muscle tone, and coordination of voluntary muscle activity

Back 56

Cerebellum

Front 57

What projects axons directly to striated muscles?

Back 57

Lower motor neurons

Front 58

Damage to this can cause flaccid paralysis

Back 58

Lower motor neurons

Front 59

What has neurons in cortex or brainstem which synapse on LMN of spinal cord?

Back 59

Upper motor neurons

Front 60

Damage to this causes PARTIAL paralysis with hyperreflexia

Back 60

Upper motor neurons

Front 61

This projects from the cortex

Back 61

Pyramidal UMN

Front 62

Synapses on LMN of spinal cord

Back 62

Corticospinal tract

Front 63

This makes up 85% of fibers that cross the medulla

Back 63

Lateral corticospinal tract

Front 64

This continues UNcrossed until it reaches the spinal level

Back 64

Ventral corticospinal tract

Front 65

Damage to this tract causes contralateral hemiparesis of trunk and extremities

Back 65

Corticospinal tract

Front 66

Damage to the corticospinal tract causes what?

Back 66

Contralateral hemiparesis of trunk and extremities

Front 67

This synapses on brainstem nuclei

Back 67

Corticobulbar

Front 68

Damage to corticobulbar causes what?

Back 68

Contralateral weakness of lower face

Front 69

What causes contralateral weakness of lower face?

Back 69

Damage of corticobulbar tract

Front 70

What is the only pure corticospinal lesion?

Back 70

Medullary pyramid lesion

Front 71

What do projection fibers of the cerebral cortex do?

Back 71

Connect cortex to subcortical region (p. 32)

Front 72

Internal capsule of cerebral cortex includes what?

Back 72

-descending fibers
-ascending fibers

Front 73

FROM cortex to subcortical areas (basal ganglia, thalamus, brainstem, spinal cord)

Back 73

Descending fibers

Front 74

TO cortex to subcortical areas (mostly thalamus)

Back 74

Ascending fibers

Front 75

Dorsal and ventral roots pass through what?

Back 75

Lumbar cistern

Front 76

Nerve damage from spinal tap would be related to what?

Back 76

Fiber types in roots (p. 5 review)

Front 77

Which cells are located in the cerebral cortex?

Back 77

Pyramidal cells

Front 78

Which cells are located in the cerebellar cortex?

Back 78

Purkinje fibers

Front 79

What are some features of the protopathic pathway?

Back 79

-Pain and temperature sensation,
-Multisynaptic (low fidelity)
-Spreads into other systems included ASCENDING RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM, ARAS (for arousal), and LIMBIC system (for emotion and sympathetic responses)
-Pathway crosses at spinal cord level via anterior WHITE commisures

Front 80

Where does the protopathic pathway cross?

Back 80

at the spinal cord level through anterior WHITE commissures

Front 81

Features of Epicritic pathway

Back 81

Discriminative senses (2 pt tactile discrimination, vibration senses, and conscious proprioception). AKA dorsal column-medial lamniscus pathway, FEW synapses in brainstem via sensory decussation

Front 82

Features of Intermediate pathway

Back 82

Light touch sensations; has features of both protopathic and epicritic pathways; pathway crossed and uncrossed in spinal cord

Front 83

What makes up dorsal column of white matter of spinal cord?

Back 83

Fasiculus gracilus
Fasiculus cuneatus

*TQ*

Front 84

What's involved with epicritic pathway?

Back 84

-Medial lamniscus
-FC
-FG
-Dorsal column

*TQ*

Front 85

Explain the process of protopathic pathway.

Back 85

DRG --> Nucleus proprius --> Central canal --> crosses at Anterior White commissure --> lateral spinothal tract --> VPL of nuc of thalamus --> cerebral cortex