Sociology Exam 2 Chapter 6 & 7

Front 1

Dominant Ideology

Back 1

a set of cultural beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interest

Front 2

Gatekeeping

Back 2

the process by which a relatively small number of people in the media industry control what material eventually reaches the audience

Front 3

Mass Media

Back 3

print and electronic means of communication that carry messages to widespread audiences

Front 4

Narcotizing Dysfunction

Back 4

the phenomena in which the media provide such massive amounts of coverage that the audience becomes numb and fails to act on the information, regardless of how compelling the issue is

Front 5

Stereotype

Back 5

an unreliable generalization about all members of a group that does not recognize individual differences within the group

Front 6

Conformity

Back 6

going along with peers--individuals of our own status have no special right to direct our own behavior

Front 7

Control Theory

Back 7

a view of conformity and deviance that suggests that our connection to members of the society leads us to systematically conform to societies norms

Front 8

Crime

Back 8

a violation of criminal law for which some governmental authority applies formal penalties

Front 9

Deviance

Back 9

behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society

Front 10

Differential Assosiation

Back 10

a theory of deviance that holds that violation of rules results results from exposure to attitudes favorable to criminal acts

Front 11

Labeling Theory

Back 11

an approach to deviance that tries to explain why certain people are viewed as deviants while others engaged in the same behavior are not are not.

Front 12

Sanction

Back 12

a penalty or reward for conduct concerning a social norm

Front 13

Social Control

Back 13

the techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society

Front 14

Social Reaction Approach

Back 14

another name for labeling theory

Front 15

Strain Theory

Back 15

states that social structures within society may pressure citizens to commit crime.

Front 16

Stigma

Back 16

a label used to devalue members of certain social groups

Front 17

Techniques of Neutralization

Back 17

methods by which those who commit illegitimate acts temporarily neutralize certain values within themselves which would normally prohibit them from carrying out such acts, such as morality, obligation to abide by the law, and so on

Front 18

Victimless Crime

Back 18

a term used to describe the willing exchange among adults of widely desired, but illegal, goods and services

Front 19

White Colar crime

Back 19

illegal acts committed by affluent "respectable" individuals in the course of business activities

Front 20

Howard Becker

Back 20

provided the foundations for labeling theory.

Front 21

Travis Hirschi

Back 21

social-control perspective on juvenile delinquency

Front 22

Robert Merton

Back 22

strain theory

Front 23

Walter Reckless

Back 23

Control Theory

Front 24

Edwin Sutherland

Back 24

differential assiciation