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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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deviance
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behavior that departs from societal or group norms
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negative deviance
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involves behavior that underconforms to accepted norms
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positive deviance
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involves behavior that overconforms to social expectations
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deviant
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a person who breaks significant societal or group norms
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social control
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ways to encourage conformity to societys norms
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social sanctions
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rewards or punishments that encourage conformity to social norms
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anomie
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a social condition in which norms are weak conflicting or absent
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strain theory
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theory that deviance is more likely to occur when a gap exists between cultural goals and the ability to achieve these goals by legtimate means
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control theory
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theory that compliance with social norms requires strong bonds between individuals and society
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differential association theory
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theory tat individuals learn deviance in proportion to number of deviant acts they are exposed to
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labeling theory
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theory that society creats ddeviance by identifying particular members as deviant
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primary deviance
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deviance involving occasional breaking of norms that is not a part of a persons lifestyle or self concept
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secondary deviance
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deviance in which an individuals life and identity are organized around breaking societys norms
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stigma
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an undesirable trait or label thaat is used to characterize an indivdual
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victim discounting
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process of reducing the seriousness of the crimes that injure people of lower status
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white collar crime
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job related crimes committed by high status people
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crime
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acts committed in violation of the law
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criminal justice system
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system comprising instiutions and processes for enforcing criminal statutes
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deterrence
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discouraging criminal acts by threatening punishment
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retribution
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punishment intended to make criminals pay compensation for their acts
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incaraceration
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a method of protecting society from criminals by keeping them in prisons
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rehabilitation
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process of changing or reforming a criminal through socialization
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recidivism
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a repetition of or return to criminal behavior
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