Sociology - Chapters 10-12 From Stark

Front 1

Pygmies in the Congo jungles

Back 1

deplete an area of fruit and game in about a month.

Front 2

In hunting-gathering societies,

Back 2

inequality is not very great within age and sex groups.

Front 3

The development of ___ enabled people to settle in permanent locations.

Back 3

agriculture

Front 4

Production of surplus makes ___ more possible.

Back 4

the existence of specialized, full-time government officials, slavery, the existence of a specialized military and complex division of labor

Front 5

In ___ societies, the more productive labor is, the fewer laborers have relative to the wealthiest classes, and the more laborers are exploited.

Back 5

agrarian

Front 6

The military superiority and dominance of mounted, armored knights was fully recognized as a result of

Back 6

the defeat of the Saracens by the Franks in the year 733.

Front 7

The political system known as "feudalism" initially developed mainly as a means of

Back 7

financing and supplying armored knights.

Front 8

The ruling elites of agrarian societies typically

Back 8

took up to half of the society's total production.

Front 9

The most successful agrarian societies in the history of the world were also the

Back 9

most highly stratified societies in the history of the world.

Front 10

Technological societies can exist only with an educated labor force. As a result the average worker is more powerful and thus more able to resist

Back 10

coercion.

Front 11

Compared to agrarian nations, workers in industrialized countries tend to be more powerful partly because

Back 11

they must be more educated in order to be as productive as they need to be.

Front 12

In industrial nations, wages and profits are determined more by

Back 12

government than by supply and demand.

Front 13

The more educated a worker is, the harder he or she is to

Back 13

coerce.

Front 14

Blau and Duncan argued

Back 14

the is not, how are people mobile? But how do people attain their statuses?

Front 15

According to Yinon Cohen and Andrea Tyree education is more important to

Back 15

determining status among people from poor homes than for others.

Front 16

Studies dealing with female status attainment in the United States and Canada show that

Back 16

women with full-time jobs come from higher-status among people from poor homes than for others.

Front 17

Working women have

Back 17

higher average occupational prestige than working men because married women who are only able to do low-paying jobs often find it is not economically worthwhile to take a paying job at all.

Front 18

One reason working women disproportionately come from high status families is that

Back 18

daughters of the least-educated and lowest-status fathers are less likely to work full-time.

Front 19

Michael Rout discovered that, in the United States in recent years the

Back 19

correlation between family background and occupational attainment has decreased.

Front 20

According to Bonnie Erickson; the nature of the most popular topic for conversations at work

Back 20

disadvantages women and the foreign-born.

Front 21

Fear and loathing of strangers is

Back 21

almost universal human traits.

Front 22

The American Civil War brought about a temporary halt to

Back 22

the large migration of French speaking Canadians to the United States to escape repression by English-speaking Canadians.

Front 23

Conflict between many European ethnic groups in America has vanished mostly because of accommodation, which has resulted in

Back 23

cultural homogenization.

Front 24

Researchers have typically found that education is

Back 24

negatively correlated with racial prejudice

Front 25

The fact that ____ challenged the claim of many social scientists in the 1940's and 1950's that "prejudice thrives in isolation.

Back 25

''white Southern prejudice against African-Americans in spite of close contact between whites and blacks in the South

Front 26

According to the author of your text, many whites in America came to regard blacks as not being fully human partly because

Back 26

the conditions of black enslavement prevented them from acting as if they were fully human.

Front 27

moneylenders, merchants, and tax collectors in the Middle Ages are examples of

Back 27

a middleman minority.

Front 28

As a group, the "Okies" became a target of discrimination and hostile stereotyping by native white Californians because Okies posed an economic threat to them, and because

Back 28

the Okies were noticeably culturally different from them.

Front 29

America prior to World War II the education of Japanese children

Back 29

surpassed that of whites very quickly.

Front 30

Internment of Japanese in America during World War II

Back 30

cost many Japanese Americans the farms and businesses which were their primary livelihood.

Front 31

. If upon their arrival in the United States groups such as the Irish and the Japanese had spread themselves out fairly evenly across the country they would

Back 31

have not been a majority or sizable minority anywhere.

Front 32

People in a particular new immigrant group to the United States need and seek to increase their political influence quickly, but make up only a tiny percentage of the population as a whole. Their most effective strategy is to

Back 32

concentrate their population geographically.

Front 33

For an ethnic group to really economically succeed long term, they must

Back 33

develop a well educated middle-class, and achieve substantial cultural assimilation, including mastering the majority language.

Front 34

The Hispanic group "Cuban-Americans" has

Back 34

the highest median incomes.

Front 35

The longer that African Americans have ___ the higher their education and the better their jobs.

Back 35

lived in the North

Front 36

In comparing African American median family incomes with white median family incomes

Back 36

we see that the gap between African Americans and whites is much greater if female-headed families are included in the analysis.

Front 37

When individual performance statistics are taken into account, voting for the annual All-Star baseball team by millions of fans each year slightly

Back 37

over represents African American players.

Front 38

The fact that African Americans did not have a specific nation or society of origin

Back 38

meant that they did not have the option of returning to their homeland when things did not go well.

Front 39

Women have equaled men in terms of power in

Back 39

no known societies.

Front 40

Wives are expected to show deference to their husbands, especially in public, in

Back 40

the majority of the premodern societies in the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample.

Front 41

Mary Says to Jim "When you look at different nations, it is clear that the more sexist men are, the greater the gender inequality. Sexism is a major cause of gender inequality. "This statement is

Back 41

circular.

Front 42

In developing her theory, Marcia Guttenberg looked at

Back 42

ancient Greece, Russian and Polish Jews in the 19th century, America in the 1700's, and America recently.

Front 43

In 1880 in the United States, males outnumbered females

Back 43

dramatically in the Western states but not in most Eastern states.

Front 44

The Guttenberg and Secord theory

Back 44

Russian and Polish Jews in the 19th century

Front 45

The practice of female infanticide

Back 45

has been pursued in most human societies.

Front 46

During the Alaskan gold rush, women in the gold towns

Back 46

were lavished with gifts and treated like sex objects.

Front 47

Societies that practice female infanticide

Back 47

often have relatively high mortality rates for women and girls too, due to providing them a less adequate diet than is provided for males.

Front 48

Women in ancient Athens

Back 48

were always the legal property of some male.

Front 49

Where there is an excess of women,

Back 49

women are more likely to be educated.

Front 50

The predictions made by Guttenberg and Secord at the micro level are a type of

Back 50

exchange theory.

Front 51

Mexico has an excess of males primarily because

Back 51

of high female mortality associated with childbirth.

Front 52

Guttenberg and Secord's theory predicted that, in America, women would organize to change the balance of power first in many

Back 52

Northeastern states.

Front 53

Widely shared by members of the "woman movement" was (were) the idea that

Back 53

there was no difference between men and women, and women possessed a superior moral nature.

Front 54

The massive migration of men to the American West in the 19th century stimulated the

Back 54

building and operation of huge textile mills employing women workers in New England.

Front 55

According to information presented in you text, female labor force participation today involves

Back 55

most women with children under age 6.

Front 56

Men dominate the occupational field of

Back 56

auto mechanic.

Front 57

In New England in 1900, births to unwed mothers or women who married after becoming pregnant

Back 57

were rising in ways consistent with Guttenberg and Secord's predictions regarding the effects of excesses of females.

Front 58

The shortage of African American males is

Back 58

exacerbated for African American women seeking marriage partners by the fact that African American males are much more likely than them to marry someone of another race.

Front 59

The acute shortage of men face by African American women has

Back 59

promoted their high rates of labor force involvement.

Front 60

According to the author of your text, Guttenberg and Secord's theory

Back 60

rests on the assumption that variations in the status of women will be correlated with variations in the sex ratio if other things are equal.