Sociology Chapters 1-3

Front 1

Sociology

Back 1

the scientific study of groups and their relationship with one another

Front 2

Society

Back 2

a group of people who share a culture and territory

Front 3

Auguste Comte

Back 3

Father of Sociology

Front 4

Herbert Spencer

Back 4

Social Darwinism, "survival of the fittest"

Front 5

Karl Marx

Back 5

class conflict; different classes=inequality=conflict

Front 6

Emile Durkheim

Back 6

social intergration (suicide anomie)

Front 7

Max Weber

Back 7

Protestant ethnic. German sociologist who believed that one must go what people do, beyond what they observe

Front 8

C. Wright Mills

Back 8

Social reform, Sociological Imagination

Front 9

Sociological Imagination

Back 9

your behavior is determined by your past and personal experiences

Front 10

pre-industrial

Back 10

rural, agriculture, manual labor

Front 11

industrial

Back 11

machines

Front 12

post industrial

Back 12

high tech

Front 13

Functionalist

Back 13

Merton-society is made up of inter-dependent parts that comes together and functions as a whole bringing about stability

Front 14

Interactionalist

Back 14

G.H. Meade-interation and reaction is determined by the type and size of group one intermingles with

Front 15

anomie

Back 15

"without norms" when the equilibrium is upset and people tend to act out of the norm usually occurs in time of crisis

Front 16

theory

Back 16

interrelated ideas the attempt to explain a phenomenon. Not a fact

Front 17

psychological institution

Back 17

set of organized beliefs and rules that establish how a society will attempt to meet its basic needs, regulate all aspects of a persons life under a single authority.

Front 18

Ethnocentrism

Back 18

"when you think your culture is superior to all others

Front 19

Cultural Relativity

Back 19

understanding social behavior in terms of their culture and social situation.

Front 20

cultural diversity

Back 20

difference

Front 21

Socialization

Back 21

interacting with people and leaning the ways of society

Front 22

theory

Back 22

constructing abstract interpretations that can be used to explain situations

Front 23

Auguste Comte

Back 23

1. invented word Sociology

2. believes sociology should contribute to the welfare of humanity by predicting, understanding and controlling human behavior

Front 24

Emile Durkheim

Back 24

. Social constraint limits what we can do as individuals

2. division of labor= more dependent

3. Studied suicide, anomie (feeling aimlessness provoked by modern social life)

4. importance of religion maintaining moral order

Front 25

Karl Marx

Back 25

1. Materialist conception of history= change is prompted by economic influences

2. ruling class exploits workers, workers seek to overcome exploitation

Front 26

Capitalism

Back 26

production of goods and services sold to wide range of consumers

Front 27

Max Weber

Back 27

1. Analyzed distinctiveness of Western society compared with others

2. Christian beliefs influenced rise of Capitalism (not just economic changes..Marx)

3.Bureacracy= large organization, divided based on function..hierarchy

Front 28

Jane Adams

Back 28

Won the Nobel prize Founded Hull House and studied the causes and consequnces of poverty

Front 29

Harriet Martineau

Back 29

1. first woman sociologist

2. must focus on all aspects...political, religious and social institutions

3. Women: marriage, children and domestic/religious life, race relations

4. Sociologists must act in ways to benefit society

Front 30

W.E.B. Du Bois

Back 30

1. African American

2. Double consciousness...through eyes of others and own self

3. identity influenced by historical experiences and social circumstances

4. First to trace problems to social and economic underpinnings

Front 31

George Mead

Back 31

1. symbolic interactionism: language allows us to become self-conscious

2. symbol=representation

3. symbolic thought frees us from being limited in our experiences



Ex: dating

Front 32

Functionalism

Back 32

1. Pioneered by Comte

2. analyze contribution made to the whole

Ex: show how

Front 33

social structure

Back 33

the patterned interaction of people in social relationships

Front 34

sociological imaginations

Back 34

the ability to see the link between society and self

Front 35

social dynamics

Back 35

the study of social change

Front 36

bourgeoisie

Back 36

class owning the means for producing wealth

Front 37

capitalist

Back 37

person who owns or controls the means for producing wealth

Front 38

proletariat

Back 38

working class;those who labor for the bourgeoisie

Front 39

class conflict

Back 39

the ongoing struggle between the boureosie (owners) and the proletariat (working) class

Front 40

mechanical solidarity

Back 40

social dependency based on the similiarites within a social group consenus of values and beliefs,enforced conformity and dependence on tradition and family

Front 41

organic solidarity

Back 41

social interdependency based on the dissimiliarity of of people in a specific society

Front 42

verstehen

Back 42

understanding social behavior by ptting yourself in the place of others

Front 43

rationalization

Back 43

the mind-set emphasizing knowledge,reason and planning

Front 44

functionalism

Back 44

approach that emphasizes the contributions made by each part of society

Front 45

manifest functions

Back 45

intended andobvious consequences

Front 46

latent functions

Back 46

unintended and hidden consequences

Front 47

dysfunction

Back 47

negative consequence of an aspect of society

Front 48

conflict perspective

Back 48

approach emphasiving the role of conflict,competition,and constraint within a society

Front 49

power

Back 49

the ability to control the behavior of others

Front 50

3 dimensions of society

Back 50

Cultural-What are values, beliefs, normspractices of the group Structural - Statuses, roles, religion, education, etc. of group Process - Socialization, social changes, deviation and crime

Front 51

Gemeinschaft

Back 51

Relationships that are ends in and of themselves

Front 52

Gesellschaft

Back 52

Relationships that are entered into as a means to an end

Front 53

Thomas Theorem

Back 53

If people perceive the situation as real, then it is real in its consequences

Front 54

3 theoretical paradigms

Back 54

Functionalist - sets norms , conflict is normal , One set offsets others
Conflict - approach emphasizing the role of conflict, competition, and constreaint within society
Symbolic - Percieved reality, Learns from others, interprets own behaviors

Front 55

collective conscience

Back 55

a group of people that share the same ideas, values, and goals.

Front 56

social facts

Back 56

consist of manners of acting, thinking and feeling external to the individual, which are invested with a coercive power by which thery exercise control over him.

Front 57

Historical materialism

Back 57

the methodological approach to the study of society, economics, and history which was first articulated by Karl Marx

Front 58

Crisis of overproduction

Back 58

Producing goods faster than consumption rate.