Sociology 201 Chapter 2

Front 1

achieved status

Back 1

a status that individuals secure on the basis of choice and competition

Front 2

aggregate

Back 2

a collection of anonymous individual who are in one place as the same time

Front 3

ascribed status

Back 3

a status assigned to an individual by a group or society

Front 4

category

Back 4

a collection of people who share a characteristic that is deemed to be of social significance

Front 5

counterculture

Back 5

a subculture whose norms and values are substantially at odds with those of the larger society

Front 6

cultural relativism

Back 6

a value-free or neutral approach that views the behaviors of a people from the perspective of their own culture

Front 7

cultural universals

Back 7

patterned and recurrent aspects of life that appear in all known societies

Front 8

culture

Back 8

the social heritage of a people; thise learned patterns for thinking, feeling, and acting that are transmitted form one generation to the next, including the embodiment of these patterns in material items

Front 9

duties

Back 9

the actions that others can legitimately insist that we perform

Front 10

ethnocentrism

Back 10

the tendency to judge the behavior of other groups by the standards of one's own culture

Front 11

folkways

Back 11

norms people do not deem to be of great importance and to which the exact less stringent conformity

Front 12

group

Back 12

two or more people who share a feeling of unity and who are bound together in relatively stable patterns of social interaction

Front 13

institutions

Back 13

the principal instruments whereby the essential tasks of living are organized, directed, and executed

Front 14

language

Back 14

a socially structured system of sound patterns (words and sentences) with specific and arbitrary meaning

Front 15

laws

Back 15

rules that are enforced by a special political organization composed of individuals who enjoy the right to use force

Front 16

master status

Back 16

a key or core status that carries primary weight in a person's interactions and relationships with others

Front 17

mores

Back 17

norms to which people attach a good deal of importance an exact strict conformity.

Front 18

norms

Back 18

social rules that specify appropriate and inappropriate behavior in given situation

Front 19

rights

Back 19

actions that we can legitimately insist that others perform

Front 20

role

Back 20

a set of expectations (rights and duties) that define the behavior people view as appropriate and inappropriate for the occupant of a status

Front 21

role conflict

Back 21

the situation in which individuals are confronted with conflicting expectations stemming from their simultaneous occupancies of two or more statues

Front 22

role performance

Back 22

the actual behavior of the person who occupies a status

Front 23

role set

Back 23

the multiple roles associated with a single status

Front 24

role strain

Back 24

the situation which individuals find the expectation of a single role incompatible, so that they have difficulty performing the role

Front 25

social structure

Back 25

the interweaving of people's interactions and relationships in more or less recurrent and stable patterns

Front 26

society

Back 26

a group of people who live within the same territory and share common culture

Front 27

status

Back 27

a position within a group or society; a location in a social structure

Front 28

subculture

Back 28

a group whose members participate in the main culture of a society while simultaneously sharing a number of unique values, norms, traditions, and lifestyles

Front 29

symbols

Back 29

acts or objects that have come to be socially accepted as standing for something else

Front 30

values

Back 30

broad idea regarding what is desirable, correct and good that most members of a society share