Social Studies Review Flash Cards 8Th Grade

Front 1

Reconstruction goals, purpose, Southern resistance.

Back 1

The goal was to readmit the confederate states to the union.
The purpose was because the union wanted to make life normal in the South after slavery was abolished.
The South resisted because they wanted things to go back to the way it was when they could have slaves to do all of their work.

Front 2

Political Parties: characteristics of Republicans and Democrats

Back 2

Republicans- Lincoln and most of congress. They abolished slavery. Republicans didn't want segregation either.
Democrats- Most Southerners who wanted to keep negroes as close to slaves as they could without making it illegal.

Front 3

The Freedmen's Bureau: achievements

Back 3

The Freedmen's Bureau gave African Americans education, food, shelter and helped them get by their problems.

Front 4

KKK: Purpose, tactics

Back 4

The KKK was a group of racist people who would do anything to keep white and black people segregated and wanted to have slavery back. They would kill or threaten negroes or southerners against segregation to get what they want.

Front 5

Timeline: place important events in chronological order

Back 5

lincoln abolishes slavery, he is shot and killed, Vice President Andrew Johnson takes control (Southerner), the Freedmen's bureau was made, South passes black codes, Johnson vetoes 14th amendment, Congress took control of reconstruction and passed the Reconstruction Acts of 1867, Johnson is acquitted by a single vote after being but to trial for firing Edwin Stanton, Sharecropping system is formed, KKK is introduced, Grant wins presidency, Fifteenth Amendment is passed, Panic of 1873, Compromise of 1877

Front 6

Constitutional Amendments: identify and explain 13th, 14th, 15th

Back 6

13th Amendment: An amendment to the U.S. Constitution, adopted in 1865, banning slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States. 14th Amendment: An amendment to the U.S. Constitution, passed in 1868, that made all persons born or naturalized in the United States-including former slaves-citizens of the country. 15th Amendment: Passed in 1870, this amendment to the U.S. Constitution stated that citizens could not be stopped from voting "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."

Front 7

Impeachment

Back 7

The process of accusing a public official of wrongdoing.

Front 8

Reconstruction Legacy: Successes and failures

Back 8

Successes: The nation rebuilt and united with the South, African Americans could vote and hold public office. Failures: Did not achieve equality for African Americans, African Americans still lived in poverty, faced widespread violence.

Front 9

Sharecropping: in what ways was it similar to/ different to slavery?

Back 9

Sharecropping was similar to slavery because it kept African Americans doing work for Southerners and was kept as close to slavery as possible, but legally. It was different because African Americans get their own home, they get payed for their work, and they are free.

Front 10

Reconstruction: why did it end?

Back 10

Reconstruction ended because of the Compromise of 1877. It gave both sides what they wanted. The Union compromised with the South, and then economic problems caused the North to forget about African Americans.

Front 11

How did the NAACP fight segregation in the South?

Back 11

It took the case, "Schools in the South integrating," to Court. In many other of their cases, they used to 14th Amendment that says all men, no matter what their race, get equal protection under the law.

Front 12

How was Plessy v. Furguson overturned?

Back 12

When Thurgood Marshall won the Integrated schools case.

Front 13

When John Davis finds out about the Supreme Court decision he says, "There will be tough times ahead." What does he mean by that? Was he right?

Back 13

He means that the South will never agree on this and there will be a lot of commotion. He was right because the South would not let this happen, so the Union had to send the Army into the South to keep peace.

Front 14

Was the Civil Rights Movement successful?

Back 14

The Civil Rights Movement was and wasn't successful. It made African Americans equal to white people by law, but caused a lot more violence.

Front 15

Why did the Civil Rights Movement leaders use civil disobedience and non-violent protest as their "weapons"?

Back 15

Answer:

Front 16

Black Codes

Back 16

A law passed by Southern states that limited the freedom of former slaves. significance- shows that the Southerners don't want African Americans to be free.

Front 17

Carpetbaggers

Back 17

White Northerners who had rushed to the South after the war. They went to get rich or gain political power. It effected what Southerners thought about the delegates they drafted for their new state constitutions.

Front 18

Emancipation Proclamation

Back 18

An executive order issued by Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, freeing the slaves in all regions in rebellion against the Union. significance- Reconstruction was happening because of slaves being freed.

Front 19

Separate But Equal

Back 19

The law states that African Americans and Whites can be segregated but their facilities must be equal (separate but equal). The opposite of separate but equal took place in the South. Significance- It makes it so that no violence should take place because the two races are separated, but are also given equal living conditions.

Front 20

Emmett Till

Back 20

Emmett till was a black boy who was visiting his relatives for a week in Mississippi. He was murdered for whistling at a white store clerk by white Southerners. Significance- it shows how strict the white southerners were about African Americans.

Front 21

Chief Justice Earl Warren

Back 21

He was the Chief Justice in the court decision of Thurgood Marshall v. John Davis where Thurgood was trying to integrate Southern schools. He got all 9 justices to vote to integrate schools. Significance- It was all because of him that schools became integrated.

Front 22

Rosa Parks

Back 22

Arrested for not moving to the back of the bus for a white man to sit in her seat. Significance- Started a boycott on buses in which all African Americans didn't use buses for 13 months until the bus company gave in and integrated buses.

Front 23

Thaddeus Stevens

Back 23

A co-leader of the Radical Republicans. He helped to impeach president Johnson.

Front 24

Tenant Farming

Back 24

sharecropping. A genius plan by the Southerners because it kept African Americans as close as possible to slavery without it being illegal.

Front 25

Veto

Back 25

When the president rejects laws. This was important because president Jackson vetoes many laws that were presented to him by the congress.

Front 26

Segregation

Back 26

when African Americans and white people are segregated or separated. The law states that they can be separate but have to have equal facilities. But in the late 1800's, African Americans facilities were inferior to white people's facilities.

Front 27

Compromise of 1877

Back 27

The agreement that resolved an 1876 election dispute: Rutherford B Hayes became president and then removed the last federal troops form the South.

Front 28

Congressional Reconstruction

Back 28

A plan to reconstruct the South after the Civil War. Was radical and called for the punishment of the South. This was important because the Congress had to quickly figure out a way to fix the South.

Front 29

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Back 29

This act banned segregation in public places and created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. This was important because it made it so that segregation was illegal in public.

Front 30

Linda Brown

Back 30

A third grade student at the time of segregated school who had to walk more than a mile to school every morning. She was an important example in ending segregated schools.

Front 31

Non-violent protests

Back 31

This was the belief of MLK because he believed that violence would get him no where. This was good because it was true. If he was violent then he probably wouldn't have made his speech.

Front 32

Television

Back 32

Television was important because it broadcasted many important events such as the Children's March, the Little Rock Nine, etc. It let the people around the world know what was going on in the South.

Front 33

Presidential Reconstruction

Back 33

Refers to president Johnson's plans to restore the Union.

Front 34

Military Rule

Back 34

A system of government where army officers form the government.

Front 35

Panic of 1873

Back 35

A financial crisis in which banks closed and the stock market collapsed.

Front 36

Plessy V. Ferguson

Back 36

An 1896 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that separation of the races in public accommodations was legal.

Front 37

Jim Crow

Back 37

Laws meant to enforce separation of white and black people in public places in the South.

Front 38

Civil Rights

Back 38

Rights granted to all citizens.

Front 39

Radical Republicans

Back 39

A congressman who, after the Civil War, favored using the government to create a new order in the South and to give African Americans full citizenship and the right to vote.

Front 40

NAACP

Back 40

Formed in 1909, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

Front 41

MLK Jr.

Back 41

Martin Luther King Jr. was the most important voice of the American civil rights movement, which worked for equal rights for all. He was famous for using nonviolent resistance to overcome injustice, and he never got tired of trying to end segregation laws

Front 42

Elizabeth Eckford

Back 42

One of the nine Little Rock children who suffered violence and racial abuse while attending Little Rock Central High School.

Front 43

Sit-ins

Back 43

A protest in which people sit in a place and refuse to move until their demands are met.

Front 44

Children's March

Back 44

This was a time when the children of Birmingham Alabama flooded the streets to challenge segregation.

Front 45

Tenure of Office Act

Back 45

Prohibited the president from firing government officials without the Senate's approval.

Front 46

President Grant

Back 46

Elected the 18th president of the United States in 1868.

Front 47

Reconstruction Acts of 1867

Back 47

Began a period known as Radical Reconstruction. From this point on, Congress controlled Reconstruction. Also divided the South into Five military districts, each fun by an army commander.

Front 48

Inalienable Rights

Back 48

those rights that cannot be surrendered, sold or transferred to someone else - the government, for example, or another person.

Front 49

Thurgood Marshall

Back 49

The NAACP counsel, led the attorneys who challenged the segregation laws in the courts.

Front 50

Malcolm X

Back 50

Rejected the separatist ideas of the Nation of Islam and left the group. Had a vision of all races living together in peace. In 1965 he was gunned down by members of the Nation of Islam. X is his last name because he never knew what his last name was, nor did his father, grandfather, etc..

Front 51

Ruby Bridges

Back 51

Was arrested for not moving out of her seat for a white man while on the Montgomery Bus. This led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott, in which African Americans refused to use the bus for 13 months and got around by walking or carpooling.

Front 52

Little Rock Nine

Back 52

Nine intelligent children who were the first black kids to go to a white school. The kids were rejected by facing violence and racial abuse.

Front 53

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Back 53

Started when Ruby Bridges was sent to jail for refusing to get up for a white man while on the bus. African Americans, led by MLK Jr., didn't use the bus for 13 months. This but the bus company out of business, so they decided to integrate buses.