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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Conformity |
Acting or thinking differently from the way you would act and think if you were alone |
Are your behaviors the same? |
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Compliance |
Insincere, outward conformity |
Putting on a necktie |
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Obedience |
Compliance to an explicit command |
Direct order |
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Acceptance |
Genuine belief in what the group has persuaded us to do. |
Inward conformity |
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A-B-Cs of Attitude |
Affect, behavior, cognition |
Often do not correspond |
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Attitude |
Favorable or unfavorable evaluative reaction to someone or something |
Evaluative |
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Expressed Attitudes |
Imperfectly predict our behavior, because both are subject to other influences |
Imperfect |
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Attitudes predict behavior |
1. Social influence on the attitude is minimal 2. Non-attitudinal influences on the behavior are minimal 3. Attitudes specific to the behavior are examined 4. Attitudes are potent 5. Prejudicial attitudes predict discriminatory behavior |
5 ways |
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Theory of Planned Behavior |
Attitudes predicting behavior. Attitude towards behavior, subjective norms & perceived control -> behavior intention-> behavior |
Running |
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Behavior affecting attitudes |
Role playing/when saying becomes believing/foot-in-the-door/evil & moral acts/social movements |
Roles |
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Role |
A set of norms defining how people in a given social position ought to behave |
Social expectations |
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Zimbardo |
Stanford prison study. 1971. The power of the situation |
Connection of roles and behaviors |
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Self-presentation theory |
Appear consistent with their actions |
Impression management |
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Cognitive Dissonance Theory |
We feel tension after acting contrary to our attitudes or making difficult decisions so we internally justify our behavior |
Leon Festinger |
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Insufficient Justification |
Reduction of dissonance by internally justifying one's behavior when external Justification is insufficient |
$1 v $20 boring task |
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Overjustification |
Can reduce inteinsic motivations |
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Self-perception Theory |
When our attitudes are weak we observe our behavior & its circumstances, then infer our attitudes |
Unsure of our attitudes |
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Intrinsic & Extrensic Motivation |
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Diagram |
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Why does action affect attitudes |
Self-presentation, self-justification, self-perception |
3 theories |
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Impression Management |
Concious or subconscious attempt to influence perceptions of other people about a person, object or event by regulating & controlling info in social interaction |
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Selective Exposure |
Tendency to seek info & media that agree with one's view & avoid dissonant info |
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Comparing dissonance, self-perception & Self-presentation |
Dissonance predicts attitude change. Self-perception predicts attitude formation. Dissonance is an arousal state. Self affirmation |
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Complications with Likert scales |
Non-attitudes/satisficing |
"3" |
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Osgood semantic differential |
Target item. Antonymous pairs of adjectives. Complications: Non-attitudes & satisficing |
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Unobtrusive Measures |
Collected without participants knowledge. Complications: validity & ethical |
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Sequence of studies |
Serif, Asch, Milgram, Zimbardo |
Conceptual relationship= behavior & attitudes are mutually reinforcing. The power of the situation |
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Group size |
Increasing from 1 to 5 brings more conformity. Beyond 5, diminishing returns |
Predictions |
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Unanimity |
Hard to be a minority of 1. Ppl will usually voice their own views of even 1 other has dissented from the majority |
Predictions |
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Cohesion |
"We" feeling. Cohesive groups have more influence on their members than non-cohesive groups |
Predictions |
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Status |
Higher status has more impact than lower status. |
Predictions |
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Making a public response |
Conform more when they must express voews in front of others |
Predictions |
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No prior commitment to the contrary |
Rarely back down if given judgement first |
Predictions |
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Normative influence |
Due to desire to belong |
Why conform? |
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Informational influence |
Due to desire to act correctly |
Why conform? |
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Reactance |
Act to protect their sense of freedom |
Threatens |
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Asserting uniqueness |
Not comfortable being greatly different but don't want to appear to be the same as everyone else |
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Communitarianism |
A balance between me and we |
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Sherif |
Studies of norm formation involved informational influence. Autokinetic effect. Ambiguous stimulus. |
We effect each other, even under bland circumstances |
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Asch |
Group pressure. 37% conformed. Line comparisons |
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Milgram |
Learner & teacher with shocks. 65% went all the way to 450 volts. |
Variations: the victims distance, closeness, perceived legitimacy of the authority figure, institutional authority, adsence of other dissents |
