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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stratification definition |
Division of people into layers Power A way of ranking Affects life experiences and life chances Example Titanic |
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The three systems of social stratification |
Slavery- ownership Caste- you are born into or ascribed and it's a lifelong...married into can't change job or Mary outside example India Social class- money property economic position No legal barriers to Mobility |
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Functionalism view of stratification |
Stratification is universal and it motivates people Davis and Moore Theory All positions in occupations must be filled for society to run Some positions are more important More important positions are held by the more qualified people To motivate more qualified people rewards must be offered Rewards R income Prestige power leisure |
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Critics of functionalism view of stratification |
Sounds like justification for the system Most important position should have the highest reward which is not necessarily true Should be beneficial to most people If system worked it would we would be in a Meritocracy |
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functionalist stratification importance |
High degree of responsibility Difficult or demanding jobs High level of Education needed Replace ability is difficult |
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Meritocracy |
All positions rewarded or based on Talent The ability of the person would be the predictor of who goes to college instead of the predictor being family income |
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Conflict view of stratification |
It's all about power whoever controls the resources are the ones to set the rules and determine the power Weber says there are three influences that you can get power from one of these Property, money prestige ,power not money party grassroots movements |
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Primary group |
Small group characterized by long-term face-to-face Association |
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Secondary group |
Larger then primary group relatively temporary more Anonymous and formal and impersonal based on shared interest or activity |
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In group |
The group towards which one feels loyalty |
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Out-group |
A group toward refill antagonism |
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Reference groups |
The group we refer to when we evaluate ourselves like family neighbors teachers coworkers |
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Group Dynamix |
How groups influence us and how we influence groups |
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Dyad |
Smallest possible group which consists of two people term coined by Georg simmel |
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Triad |
Group of three people term coined by Georg simmel |
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Coalition |
The alignment of some members of a group against others |
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Types of leaders |
Instrumental leader who tries to keep the group moving towards its goals Expressive leader is not usually recognized as a leader but this person is app to do things that help lift the group's morale and minimize conflicts |
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Leadership styles |
Authoritarian leader is one who gives orders Democratic leader who tries to gain a consensus Laissez-faire leader one who is highly permissive |
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Milgram experiment |
Requiring people to shock someone in the chair for a wrong answer Orders would continue to follow |
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Groupthink |
A narrowing of thought by a group of people leading to the perception that there is only one correct answer and to suggest Alternatives is a sign of disloyalty Coin buyer Irving Janis Tunnel vision |
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Deviance |
Any violation of norms |
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Sanctions |
Negative sanctions are expressions of disapproval for deviants like frowns and imprisonment Positive sanctions are used to reward people for conforming to Norms Norms such as smiles and getting a raise |
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Biosocial in regards to deviance |
Looking for answers within the individual Assumption that genetic predispositions lead people to bad Behaviour |
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Psychological explanation for deviance |
Abnormalities within the individual instead of jeans the exam and what are called personality disorders that subconscious motives drive people to deviance |
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Sociological explanation for deviance |
Search for factors outside the individual like social influences such as membership in subcultures and social class |
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Symbolic interactionism perspective on deviance |
Stress are experienced in groups From different groups we associate with we learn to deviate from or conform to society's norms Our group's give us information about Conformity and deviance |
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Control theory |
The idea that two control systems in inert controls like conscience religious principles fear of punishment and outer controls such as family friends and the police... work against our Tendencies to deviate |
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Labeling Theory |
Focuses on the significance of reputations have reputations are labels set us up on past that Propel us into deviance or divert us from it |
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Functionalist perspective on deviance |
Deviance is functional for society and contribute to social order in three ways Deviance clarifies moral boundaries in a firm's norms Deviance encourages social Unity ? Deviance promotes social change |
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Strain theory |
Created by Robert Merton 4 The Strain when a society socializes large numbers of people to a desired cultural goal but withhold some of the approved means of reaching the goal one adaptation to the strain is crime the choice of a Innovative means to obtain the cultural goal |
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Four deviant paths functionalists |
Innovators accept the goals of society but use with illegitimate means to try and reach them Ritualism is wanting the cultural goals but becoming discourage and giving up on cheating them Retreatism reject both the cultural goals and the institutionalized means of achieving them Rebellion reject the goals and the means and seek to give Society new goals and new means |
