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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Scientific Revolution |
(1550-1700) the intellectual revolution during the Renaissance the questioned ancient Greek and Roman authorities |
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Ptolemaic/geocentric Conception |
(late 1500s) the theory that the universe goes around the earth |
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Nicholaus Copernicus |
(1473-1543) astronomer who contradicted the Ptolemaic conception with an idea called heliocentric conception |
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heliocentric conception |
Copernicus' idea that the spheres of the universe went around the sun, not the earth |
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Tycho Brahe |
(1546-1601) built the Uraniborg Castle and took an assistant called Johannes Kepler |
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Johannes Kepler |
(1571-1630) created 3 laws of planetary motion |
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Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion |
1. Planet orbit around the sun in an ellipse wherein the sun is at the focus of one ellipse
2. The speed of a planet is greater when it is closer to the sun. 3. Planets with larger orbits revolve slower than those with smaller orbits. |
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Galileo Galilei |
(1564-1642) first European to use a telescope; said that if uniform force was applied to an object, it would move at an accelerated speed and that an object in motion will stay in motion unless deflected by an external force; wrote The Starry Messenger and Dialogue |
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The Starry Messenger |
work published by Galileo that contained his discoveries about the universe |
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Dialogue
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work published by Galileo - a dialogue between Simplicio (Aristotle and Ptolemy supporter), Sagredo (an open-minded layman), and Salviati (Copernicus supporter) |
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Sir Isaac Newton |
(1642-1727) the first to coherently piece together a synthesis for a new cosmology; created the 3 Laws of Motion and told about the universal law of gravity; wrote Principia |
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Newtonian Synthesis |
promoted in Newton's Pricipia; stated the three laws of motion,and said that there could be one universal law that could explain all motion |
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Galen |
(2nd century C.E.) ancient Greek physician who created the four bodily humors: blood, yellow bile, phlegm, and black bile |
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Paracelsus |
(1493-1541) physician who rejected the work of Aristotle and Galen |
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Andreas Vesalius |
(1514-1564) physician who became a professor of surgery and wrote On the Fabric of the Human Body |
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William Harvey |
(1578-1657) physician who improved upon Vesalius' ideas; wrote On the Motion of the Heart and Blood |
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Antoine LaVoisier |
(1743-1794) the founder of modern chemistry who invented a system of naming chemical elements |
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Maria Merian |
(1647-1717) an entomologist who wrote Metamorphosis of the Insects of Surinam |
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Maria Winkelmann |
(1670-1720) the most famous female German astronomer |
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querelles des femmes |
(1600s-1700s) a centuries-long debate on the nature and value of women |
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Rene Descartes |
(1596-1650) father of modern rationalism who said "I think, therefore I am" and doubted his own existence; separated mind from matter; wrote Discourse on Method |
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Cartesian dualism |
(mid 1600s) absolute duality between mind and body |
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rationalism
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the idea, spread by Descartes, that humans could understand the world by the same principles in mathematical thinking |
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scientific method |
a means to examine the world through observation that was created by Francis Bacon |
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Francis Bacon |
(1561-1626) Englishman who created the scientific method and was concerned for practicality of science |
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English Royal Society |
(1640s) a scientific study found in England that received little government encouragement |
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French Royal Academy |
(1650s) scientific society founded in France that received abundant state support |
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Benedict de Spinoza |
(1632-1677) philosopher who said that God was the universe; nothing can be apart from God and by using reason people can find happiness |
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Blaise Pascal |
(1623-1662) a French scientist who wanted to keep religion and science united and tried to convert rationalists to Christianity by appealing to their reason and emotions; made a wager but ultimately failed |
