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23 Cards in this Set
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Industrial Revolution |
A shift from a traditional economy to an economy based on manufacturing; the Agricultural Revolution, a supply of capital, early entrepreneurs, mineral resources, the government, in the supply of markets or factors of the Industrial Revolution in Britain; population growth provided labor for factories and capital came from trade andCottage industries; cool and iron abundant and Britain's size made transportation easy |
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Cotton textile industry |
Late 1700s Was the first major step toward the Industrial Revolution; dance with the creation of the modern factory; the flying shuttle and spinning jenny speed the process of weaving and spinning; the water frame and mule increased the spinning process and the power loom increased weaving; efficiency called for factories in which woman and workers would spin or weave |
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Steam engine |
1760s An engine powered by steam that can pump water from mines three times as quickly as previous engines; revolutionize the production of cotton goods in allowed to factory system spread; the rotary steam engine, invented by James Watt, allowed factories to spread farther; boosted cotton textile production |
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Iron industry |
Late 1700s The change in the basic process for smelting iron; smelting iron became dependent on the use of coke which relied on coal mines; puddling was invented in the 1780s and produces wrought iron or high quality iron |
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James Watt |
1736 - 1819 Improved the steam powered engine by making it work three times as quickly as a previous steam engine; enlarged possibilities of the steam engine by developing a rotary engine that could be applied to spinning and weaving |
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Steam powered locomotive |
Early 1800s A transportation device powered by machine instead of animals; the first one pulled 10 tons at 5 miles per hour; the rocket was the first built on a public railway line; companies were formed to build additional railroads |
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Railroad |
Early 1800s The means of steam powered locomotive travel; new companies were formed to build additional railroads; Britain had 6000 miles of track; demand for railway construction encouraged and new group of middle-class inventors to invest in joint stock companies; created new jobs and cheaper faster means of transportation; a sense of power was achieved |
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Industrial factory system |
Early 1800s The chief means organizing labor for new machines; employers hired workers to run the machines and workers were forced to work regular hours and shifts which create a system of time work discipline; adult workers were fired for minor infractions and dismissed for serious misdoings; children were disciplined by beating; evangelical values of hard work and discipline were present |
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the Crystal Palace at the Great Exhibition of 1851 |
An enormous structure in London made entirely of glass and iron; contained 100,000 exhibits that showcase the products created by the Industrial Revolution; displayed British wealth and success; trees were brought inside to show human dominance over nature; represented British imperial power |
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Industrialization on continental Europe |
The spread of British industrialization to the European continent that did not have the advantages that Britain had so it borrowed techniques and practices from Britain even though Britain tried to prevent it; governments used tariffs to industrialize; industrialization occurred mainly in Belgium, France, and the German states |
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Friedrich List's national system |
1844 Advocated for industrialization in the United States and Europe; advocated rapid, large-scale industrialization; said that a nation must have protective tariffs to help new industries grow |
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The Irish potato famine |
1845 - 1851 A shortage in Potato production all over Europe but especially in Ireland where the population depended on the Potato for survival; Potato were struck by a black fungus that made them inedible; 1 million died of starvation and disease, and 2 million migrated to Britain or the United States |
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Poor Law Commission |
1820s Produced detailed reports on the standard of living of lower classes; investigators were struck by the physically and morally dilapidated effects of urban industrial life on the poor; working class men were considerably shorter and stronger than middle class men because of work conditions and moral consequences were crime and prostitution |
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Edwin Chadwick |
1800 - 1890 An urban reformer with a background in law he was obsessed with eliminating poverty of urban areas and initiated a search for facts about living conditions of working classes; stated that various diseases for caused by atmospheric impurities and advocated a system of modern sanitary reforms |
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the industrial middle class |
Early 1800s People involved in commerce, industry, and professions; the people who constructed factories, purchased machines, and found out where markets were; constant expansion was needed to feel secure and the fear of bankruptcy with constant; if one entrepreneur went bankrupt and other would immediately take its place; religious minorities were prominent among early industrial leaders of Britain |
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The industrial working class |
Early 1800s The people who worked in the factories; try to reduce barriers between themselves and the land of the elite and tried to separate themselves from the labouring classes below them; factory workers would eventually form an industrial proletariat; artisans and craft people with the largest group of urban workers and some craft people formed an aristocracy of labor; factory workers face terrible working conditions 12 to 16 hours a day 6 days a week in which workers had no security of employment; children were, overall, cheap source of labor and pauper apprentices were orphans here in the care of local parishes and were put to work in factories; most women were domestic servants |
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Factory Act of 1833 |
Prohibited the use of children as workers; primarily affected child labor in textile factories in mines; did not touch on the use of children in non-factory trades such as pottery works; woman took the childrens place as workers |
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Poor Law Act of 1834 |
Addressed poverty among the working classes and establish work houses where jobless poor people were forced to live; work houses were made as much like prisons as possible to establish discipline and children were often recruited from parish work houses as cheap labor for factories |
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Trade unions |
Late 1700s- early 1800s Associations formed by skilled workers of new industries that serve to preserve their own workers position by limiting entry to their trade and to gain benefits from the employers; favorday working class struggle against employers; someone willing to strike; created national unions |
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Robert Owen |
1771 - 1858 A well known cotton magnate and social reformer who believed in the creation of voluntary associations to demonstrate cooperative rather than competitive living which appealed to some trade union leaders; formed the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union |
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Luddites |
Early 1800s A collection of skilled craftsmen in the Midlands in northern England that attacked machines they believed threaten their livelihoods but failed to stop the industrial mechanization of Britain and were given much local support |
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Chartism |
Early 1800s A meaningful expression of the attempts of British workers to improve their situation; aimed to achieve political democracy; took its name from the People's Charter which demanded universal male suffrage, payment for members of parliament, and annual Parliament sessions; some women joined but did not fight for their own rights; attempted to change through peaceful constitutional means; rejected by Parliament; gave people a sense of working-class consciousness |
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Coal mines act of 1842 |
A reform passed to improve factory conditions especially of those in mines; the limited the employment of boys under the age of 10 in mines and eliminated the employment of women in mines; led to the restriction of factory hours |
