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22 Cards in this Set

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Francis Bacon
English philosopher who, with Descartes, set up the basis of modern science. Induction & empiricism.
Rene Descartes
French philosopher & mathematician. Cartesian dualism.
Deduction
Start with general truths & attempt to discover truths for individual cases.
Induction
Start with individual cases & attempt to discover general truths.
Empiricism
Founding of knowledge based on observation & experience.
Ptolemy
Held that earth was center of cosmos
Nicolas Copernicus
Held that earth revolved around sun in 1543.
Johannes Kepler
Altered Copernican theory. Planets orbited in ellipses at different speeds.
Galileo Galilei
First to turn telescope towards the sky & measured mountains on moon.
Isaac Newton
Proved force of gravity after he invented calculus.
Ptolemy
Held that earth was center of cosmos.
Nicolas Copernicus
Proved earth revolved around sun in 1543.
Johannes Kepler
Altered Copernican theory. Planets orbited in ellipses.
Galileo Galilei
Turned telescope towards sky & measured mountains on moon.
Isaac Newton
Proved existence of gravity & invented calculus.
Thomas Hobbes
17th-century English philosopher who first wrote about "state of nature." LEVIATHAN argued that humans needed an absolute ruler.
John Locke
English philosopher who believed that government could be overthrown if oppressive. Wrote TWO TREATISES OF GOVERNMENT.
How did science influence other areas of life in 17th-century Europe?
Better weapons-->stronger armies

Better understanding of travel & seas
What was so revolutionary about the discovery of space & the sun as the center of the galaxy?
It caused religious Europeans to question their belief in God & humans as the most important creation in the universe
Pierre Boyle
Moral relativist & skepticist
Historiography
The study of history became more scientific during the Scientific Revolution--documents were now collected, analyzed, cited, common sense of dating, common Gregorian calendar. The study of the Bible proved parts of it questionable, which created controversy.
Natural law
Belief that the universe is ordered, human beings are rational, there are universal laws. Influenced egalitarianism & constitutionalism.