Science Topic 1&2 Quiz

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SCIENCE TOPIC 1&2 QUIZ

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SCIENCE TOPIC 1&2 QUIZ

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Explain what happens when matter changes state:

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When matter changes from a liquid to a solid, it loses energy.

When matter changes from a solid to a liquid, it gains energy.

For a solid to change to a liquid, matter must absorb energy from its environment.

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For each of the elements listed, give an example of a physical property and a chemical property:

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a) gold

b) copper

c) iron

d) water

e) hydrogen

Gold:

Physical: It has a shine or glow

Chemical: Gold is chemically inactive, extremely resistant to chemical action

Copper:

Physical: Capable of being shaped or bent

Chemical: Poisonous in large amounts

Iron:

Physical: Easily pulled or stretched into a thin wire

Chemical: Readily combines with oxygen in moist air which produces iron oxide also known as rust

Water:

Physical: Water has a high specific heat

Chemical: Water is not toxic

Hydrogen:

Physical: Hydrogen is an odourless, tasteless gas Chemical: It burns in air or oxygen to produce water H2 reacts with every oxidizing element

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An element with two or more of the same atoms is called:

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Diatomic Element

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Pure Substance:

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-Contain only one type of particle

-Can exist in three states: solid, liquid, and gas

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Classifying Matter:

The Particle Model of Matter:

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-All matter is made up of tiny particles

-All the particles in a substance are the same;

different substances are made of different particles

-There are attractive forces among particles and these attractions may be strong or weak

-The particles are always moving; the more energy the particles gain, the faster they move

-There are spaces among the particles

A scientific model which helps to visualize a process we cannot see directly. The first two points help us to understand that particles make up matter. The other three points help to explain density and how matter behaves when temperature changes.

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Solids:

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Solids have a definite shapeand volume because theparticles of a solid can moveonly a little. They vibrate backand forth, but strong forceshold them in fixed positions.

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Liquids:

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Liquids take the shape of itscontainer because the particlescan move around more freelythan they can in solids. Aliquid's particles are heldtogether by strong attractionsto each other, so a liquid, like asolid, occupies a definitevolume.

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Gases:

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Gases always fill whatevercontainer they are in. Theattractions among the particlesof a gas are so weak thatindividual particles are quite farapart, with spaces among them.Since gas particles are movingconstantly and randomly in alldirections, they spreadthroughout their container, nomatter what its shape andvolume.

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Pure Substance:

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A pure substance is made up of only one kind ofmatter and has its own unique set of physicalproperties.

Types of Pure Substances:

• Element: cannot be broken down into any simplersubstance (ex. iron, gold, oxygen)

• Compound: A combination of two or more elements infixed proportions (ex. water,salt,sugar)

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Mixture:

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A mixture contains 2 or more pure substances.

Types of Mixtures:

• mechanical: (heterogenous) Each substance in the mixture is visible (ex. soil, blood, concrete)

• solution: (homogeneous) Each substance is not clearly visible(A substance dissolved in water is called an aqueoussolution) (ex. vinegar, clear air)

• suspension: A cloudy mixture in which tiny particles are held(suspended) with another substance, and can befiltered out (ex. sand in water)

• colloid: (emulsions) Is also a cloudy mixture, but the particles are sosmall that they cannot be filtered out easily (emulsionsare types of colloids in which liquids are dispersed inliquids) (ex. butter, milk, and fog)

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How do you know if a mixture is a solution, colloid or suspension:

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Whether a mixture is a solution, colloid or suspension depends on the size of the particles, solubility (dissolve) and miscibility (mixing ability)

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Properties:

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Characteristics that can be used to describe how asubstance behaves

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Physical Change:

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A physical change occurs when a material changes form but not composition. A change of stateis an example of a physical change where energy is used or released.

No new substances are formed. The change is not permanent.Dissolving is an example of physical change.

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Chemical Change:

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A chemical change occurs when two or more substances react and create one or more newsubstances. It is often permanent, although not always. Combustion (burning) is an example.

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Sublimation:

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From solid to vapour (heat absorbed)

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Deposition:

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Vapour to solid (latent heat released)

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Clues for Chemical Change:

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-Change in colour/odour

- Formation of a gas (bubbles) in a liquid

- Formation of a solid (precipitate) in a liquid

- Release or absorption of energy (heat)

- Materials you started with are used up

- A new material is formed

- The change is difficult to reverse

- The only evidence that will guarantee a chemical change has occurred is that a new substancehas been formed.

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Physical Property:

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Any property that can be observed without forming a new substance is a physical property.

These can include: colour, texture, luster, smell, state, melting point, boiling point, hardness,malleability, ductility, crystal shape, viscosity, solubility, density and conductivity (electrical andheat).

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Chemical Property:

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Any property that describes how a substance reacts with another substance when forming a new substance is a chemical property.

Chemical properties include: reaction with acids, ability to burn (combustibility), reaction with water, behaviour in air and reaction to heat, toxicity, stability.

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Physical Properties 2:

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Physical Properties describe the physical appearance and composition of a substance and usually involve changes of the state of the substance, often they can be reversed

Ex. Dissolving, evaporating, freezing, breaking up into smaller pieces....

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Physical Properties of Matter:

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1. Colour: colour

2. State: solid, liquid or gas

3. Solubility: ability to dissolve

4. Boiling or CondensationPoint: temperature of boiling or condensation

5. Melting or Freezing point: temperature of melting or freezing

6. Malleability: ability to be beaten or rolled into sheets without crumbling

7. Ductility: ability to be stretched without breaking

8. Crystal formation: crystalline appearance

9. Conductivity: ability to conduct heat or electricity

10. Magnetism: Magnetic attraction between objects

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Chemical Properties:

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Describes the reactivity of asubstance and are usual non-reversible; newsubstances are created.

How do we know a new substance is formed?

• Heat or light is given off or absorbed

• Distinct colour change, indicating a new substance

• Gas is given off

• A precipitate forms (solid)

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Chemical Properties of Matter:

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1. Ability to burn: combustion (flame, heat, light)

2.Flash point: temperature needed to ignite a flame

3. Behaviour in air: tendency to degrade, react or tarnish

4. Reaction with water: ability to corrode

5. Reaction with acids: corrosion, sometimes bubble formation

6. Reaction to heat: tendency to melt or decompose

7. Reaction to red and bluelitmus (a dye): Red is acid, blue is base, and no change is neutral

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HEEELLLP!

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HEEELLLP!