Science 9 >> Topic 1-3

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Among Species

Back 1

The difference between different species.

Example: cat vs dog

Front 2

Within Species

Back 2

The difference between the same species.

Example: human vs another human

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Species

Back 3

A group of organism that share similar genetic and physical characterisic

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Structural Adaptation

Back 4

An inherited physical characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment. Example: the light feathers of birds or how their beaks are shaped.

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Behavioural Adaptation

Back 5

An inherited characteristic behaviours that helps an organism survive in its environment. Example: how bats are nocturnal or how bears hibernate in the winter.

Front 6

Biological Diversity

Back 6

The number and variety of organism in an area. The closer you are to the equator the more biological diversity.

Front 7

Diversity Index

Back 7

A measurement that compares the diversity of species in an area with the total number of organisms in the same area. The higher the number, the more diverse the area.

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Competition

Back 8

The Struggle amount individual organisms for access to a limited resource, such as food or territory. Some species avoid competition by using a different food sources or keeping different habits or behaviours. When organisms change to avoid or reduce competition, they alter their niches.

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Niche

Back 9

The role an organism plays in an area. It includes where it lives (its habitat) and what it does.

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Narrow Niche

Back 10

Have a very specific niche that makes them very efficient that surviving in their own environments. They have one very dependable food source, one soil type, and one type of level of light. These are known as SPECIALISTS. Example: Many species in the tropical rainforest.

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Broad Niche

Back 11

Can live in a wide range of areas. Such as wolves, they need a large land to live in a variety of temperatures and eat a variety of food.

These are known as GENERALISTS. Example: Magpies.

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Symbiotic Relationship

Back 12

Relationships which two organisms live in direct contacts.

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Mutualism

Back 13

Both species benefits

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Parasitism

Back 14

One species benefits, other is harmed

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Commensalism

Back 15

One benefits, the other is neither harmed nor benefits.

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Asexual Reproduction

Back 16

When only one parent supplies the genetics. The offspring are identical to the parent. An advantage is that there is no need to mate. As well it doesn't take a lot of time to get of offspring.

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1. Binary Fission

Back 17

Many one celled organisms

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2. Spores

Back 18

"Zoospores" can grow to be clones of the planet

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3. Asexual Reproduction in plants

Back 19

Through the specialized cells known as "meristem" cell. These cells can make up any of the structures of a plant that are damaged. As well, many plants can send "runners" and "tubers".

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4. Budding

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A cell produces a new group of cells called a bud, which develops into an exact copy of the parent. Once the bud has completely developed, it detaches itself and becomes independence.

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Sexual Reproduction

Back 21

Occurs when two parents supply the genetic material to the offspring.

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1. Zygospores

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These contain material from two different sources.

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2. Bacteria Conjugation

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This is primitive form of sexual reproduction that doesn't result in more offspring BUT bacteria are able to transfer genetic material directly from one cell to another. This is genetic Recombination.

Front 24

3. Sexual reproduction in plants

Back 24

Angiosperm and gymnosperms reproduce sexually by forming seeds. In this process, fertilization occurs when an egg and sperm cell join to form a new cell. The first cell of the growing organism is called zygote.

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4. Sexual reproduction in animals

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Both male and female gametes must arrive at the same time. They are delicate and dry out quickly so a moist and warm environment is ideal.

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Stigma

Back 26

Receives the pollen during fertilization.

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Style

Back 27

A tube on top of the ovary.

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Ovary

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Female reproductive organ.

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Sepal

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Small leaves under the flower.

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Anther

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Contains pollen; the male reproductive cell.

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Filament

Back 31

Holds the anther.

Front 32

Cloning

Back 32

To create the exact copies of a parent. There is no genetic variation.