Science Content Question

Front 1

6.What does the term "Dew Point" mean?

Back 1

• The temperature at which a given body of air becomes saturated

Front 2

2. What is the is the most recent era of geologic time?

Back 2

• Cenozoic (70,000,000 years ago) Mammals flourish, including humans, dogs, horses, and cattle

Front 3

3. What are topics of "personal and social implications of the earth/space sciences"?

Back 3

• Earth’s Surface, Atmosphere, and Weather

Front 4

4. What does the term "Pangaea" mean?

Back 4

• Pangaea is the thought of when all continents were once joined into a single large land mass

Front 5

5. What are the categories in which rocks are classified?

Back 5

• Igneous Rocks: formed from the heating and cooling of melted materials (result of volcanic activity)
• Sediment Rocks: Particles of rock transported to the ocean (formed in layers)
• Metamorphic Rocks: formed when rocks are heated and pressed together

Front 6

7. In which layer of the Earth is it supposed that a mass of molten metal exists?

Back 6

• The Core of the Earth

Front 7

8. What factors cause changes in the Earth’s surface?

Back 7

• Ridges on the ocean floor are made by molten rock from deep within the earth pushing upward and slowly spreading out to the east and west. The ridges indicate places where the ocean floor is actually expanding. This causes continental drift and the continents are moving away from these areas. Also, External forces, such as weathering and erosion, constantly wear down the surface, and internal forces, which comes from heat and pressure, push rock layers upward and sideways to form mountains and cause plate movement.

Front 8

9. According to Mohs’ Hardness Scale, what are the least and most hard minerals, respectively?

Back 8

• Hardest: Diamond (silicon carbide)
• Least: Fingernail (Talc)

Front 9

10.What are examples of a fossil?

Back 9

• Teeth, shells, bones, and woody tissues

Front 10

1. According to research reported in the text, what is the closest to the true age of the universe?

Back 10

• 8 to 20 billion years ago

Front 11

2.Review objects discovered in the universe?

Back 11

• Quasars: extremely bight objects in the universe that shine with an intensity
• Pulsars: dense, rapidly spinning remnant of a supernova explosion
• Black Hole: cannot be seen, but their presence is detected by studying the behavior of objects near them

Front 12

3. Just focusing on general size, density, and chemical composition, which planets is most similar to Earth?

Back 12

• Mercury, Venus, Mars

Front 13

4. Where would you find the Hubble Space Telescope?

Back 13

• In orbit (space)

Front 14

5. What is the International Space Station?

Back 14

• This is a space laboratory and it orbiting Earth at a distance of 200 miles

Front 15

6. What is the X-37?

Back 15

• An experimental test vehicle (The x-37 advanced technology flight demonstrator will operate in both the orbital and re-entry phase of flight)

Front 16

7. What are terms and concepts commonly associated with constellations?

Back 16

• Constellations are groups of stars that seem to form specific patterns when viewed from Earth (88 named constellations)

Front 17

8. What is the estimated amount of time that the sun has left to live?

Back 17

• 5 billion years

Front 18

9. What are asteroids, black holes, meteors, and comets?

Back 18

• Black Hole: cannot be seen, but their presence is detected by studying the behavior of objects near them
• Meteors: Masses of stone and iron from space that sometimes strike the Earth
• Asteroids: a belt of objects that are smaller that any of the planets
• Comets: heavenly bodies surrounding the solar system, move in large orbits

Front 19

10. What is, "The Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE)"?

Back 19

• Gathers data to show maps of the sky

Front 20

1. Which careers could be most closely associated with the "Careers in the Life Sciences" section of this chapter?

Back 20

• Physician
• Medical Technologist
• Horticulturalist

Front 21

4. What are the characteristics of an animal?

Back 21

• Multicellular, nutrition by ingestions, cells surrounded by cell membrane, have complex organ systems, mainly sexual reproduction

Front 22

5. Considering just the classification system presented in this chapter, into which of these kingdoms would you place bacteria?

Back 22

• Monera

Front 23

6. What are descriptions of a flower’s sepal, petals, pistil, and stamen?

Back 23

• Sepal: form the leaf- like outer covering of the developing flower bud, which is usually green.
• Petals: usually are bright colored and have an odor, that’s attractive to insects, and produce sugary nectar.
• Pistil: the female reproductive organ
• Stamen: are male reproductive organs that produce pollen containing sperm nucleus.

Front 24

7. What are examples of mammals? Review characteristics.

Back 24

• Mammals: are vertebrates who nourish their young with milk produced by mammary glands.
• EX: Dogs, whales, dolphins, gorilla

Front 25

8. What infection was discussed in the chapter as being the greatest public concern with respect to modern bioterrorism?

Back 25

• Bioterrorism

Front 26

9. What are the two principal ways that the bioterror infection anthrax may be introduced into a body?

Back 26

• To become infected, you must have direct contact with the bacterium or spores

Front 27

10. What are characteristics of Fungi?

Back 27

• Some one celled/ multicellular, nutrition by absorption, cell walls made of chitin, sexual and asexual reproduction

Front 28

1. Describe voluntary and involuntary muscles?

Back 28

• Voluntary: the brain tells them to bend or flex (ex: skeletal muscles)
• Involuntary: are able to operate quickly and without the direct control of the brain (ex: cardiac musucles)

Front 29

2. What are the food groups described on the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s food-guide pyramid? Which food group is the group from which you should eat the most servings daily?

Back 29

• Grains-Eat the most
• Vegetables- Eat the most
• Fruits – Eat the most
• Fats and Oils
• Milk
• Meats & Bearns

Front 30

3. What is not given off during energy production in your body’s cells?

Back 30

• Oxygen

Front 31

4. What are the vessels that carry blood from the ventricles to various parts of the body?

Back 31

• Arteries

Front 32

5. What are the types of joints found in the human body?

Back 32

• Immovable
• Hinge
• Ball-and-socket
• Pivot
• Gliding

Front 33

6. What are the excretory organs? Describe the purpose of each.

Back 33

• Kidneys- Filters everything though out the body and excretes waste through urine
• Skin-Removal of excess heat
• Lungs- rid the body of carbon dioxide and excess water
• Liver- digestive organ, it is also able to form urea and secrete it into the bloodstream
• Intestines- removing solid

Front 34

7. What material, of which human blood is made, consists of 90% water?

Back 34

• Plasma

Front 35

8. The nucleus of a human sperm cell and the nucleus of a human egg cell contain how many chromosomes each?

Back 35

• 23 chromosomes each

Front 36

10. The oxygen the body needs to produce energy from food is contained in the air we breathe, which consists of what percentages of Oxygen and Nitrogen, respectively?

Back 36

• 78% Nitrogen
• 21% Oxygen

Front 37

4. What does the action of forces : "A book is lying on the lawn on a moonlit night" really mean? (Think in terms of forces – attracting/repelling)

Back 37

• The ground is pushing up and gravity is pushing down

Front 38

5. Describe examples of physical and chemical changes given in the text.

Back 38

• Physical: A gas takes the shape of it’s container
• Chemical: Metallic magnesium changes to white powder

Front 39

6. What concept is most closely related to Newton’s first law of motion?

Back 39

• Law of inertia

Front 40

7. What is the most accurate explanation of why an airplane is able to rise in the air?

Back 40

• Lift: a planes wings are shaped so that air going across the upper surface moves at a higher velocity than the air going across the bottom

Front 41

8. What is a definition of acceleration?

Back 41

• Change in velocity

Front 42

9. What is fusion? What are examples of something produced by fusion?

Back 42

• Atoms combine to create an atom that has a smaller mass than the sum of the original atoms combined- hydrogen bombs, the sunlight that reaches you each day

Front 43

How does the text define atoms?

Back 43

• Absorb and release energy and they are the smallest unit of matter.

Front 44

3. What is the definition of sound? Describe characteristics of sound.

Back 44

• Produced by vibrating matter (a vibrating object receives energy from a source and transfers energy to a medium, such as air.
• Pitch, sound waves, wavelength, rarefraction

Front 45

8. What are intensity, pitch, and frequency?

Back 45

ntensity: the loudness (measured in decibels)
• Pitch: how high of low the sound is
• Frequency: the rate of vibration

Front 46

9. What is a conductor? What are examples of good conductors?

Back 46

• Conductor: any material that electrons can move through easily
• Examples: copper, gold, silver, aluminum

Front 47

10. What is static electricity? What are elements of electricity?

Back 47

• When a surface has acquired a strong negative charge, the extra electrons may jump to a neutral or positive object. You see the jump of electrons when you see the spark.