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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What groups to form a specific amino acid?
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three bases
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p. 88
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What determines the order of amino acids in a protein?
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the order of the bases
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p. 88
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What are proteins?
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act as chemical messengers
help determine how tall you will grow what colors you can see whether your hair is curly or straight |
p. 88
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How do you make a protein?
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copy section of DNA strand containing a gene
messenger molecules take genetic information from DNA strand in the nucleus out into cytoplasm copy of DNA is fed through a ribosome three bases at a time transfer molecules pick up specific amino acids from cytoplasm |
p. 89
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What is a ribosome?
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small organelle in cells where proteins are made from amino acids
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p. 89
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What are mutations?
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a change in the order of the bases in an organism's DNA; deletion, insertion, or subsitution
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p. 90
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When do mutations occur?
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occur when there is a change in the order of bases in an organism's DNA
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p. 90
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What do repair enzymes do?
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repair molecules when there is an error
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p. 90
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What are the 3 possible consquences to changes in DNA?
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improvment
no change at all harmful change |
p. 90
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What would happen if mutation occurs in the sex cells?
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passed down from generation to the next
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p. 90
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What is a mutagen?
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anything the can damage or cause change in DNA
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p. 90
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What is sickle cell anemia?
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disease that affects red blood cells
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p. 91
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What are sickle cells?
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carry oxygen
more likely to get stuck in blood vessels causing painful and dangerous clots |
p. 91
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What does genetic counseling do?
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provides information and counseling to couples who wish to have children but are worried that they might pass a disease to their children
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p. 92
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What is a pedigree?
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a diagram of family history used for tracing a trait a trait through several generations
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p. 92
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What is selective breeding?
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organisms with certain desirable characteristics are mated to produce a new breed
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p. 93
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What is genetic engineering?
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allows scientists to transfer genes from one organism to another
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p. 93
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What is genetic engineering used for?
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manufacture proteins
repair damaged genes identify individuals who may carry an allele for a disease |
p. 93
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What does genetic counseling do?
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provides information and counseling to couples who wish to have children but are worried that they might pass a disease to their children
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p. 92
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What is a pedigree?
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a diagram of family history used for tracing a trait a trait through several generations
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p. 92
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What is selective breeding?
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organisms with certain desirable characteristics are mated to produce a new breed
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p. 93
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What is genetic engineering?
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allows scientists to transfer genes from one organism to another
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p. 93
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What is genetic engineering used for?
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manufacture proteins
repair damaged genes identify individuals who may carry an allele for a disease |
p. 93
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List 3 types of mutation.
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a change in the order of the bases in an organism's DNA; deletion, insertion, subsitution
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p. 90
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What type of mutation causes sickle cell anemia?
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GTA
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p. 91
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How is genetic engineering different from selective breeding?
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genetic engineering is forced and selected by scientists while selective breeding is done by the organism and only certain characteristics can be used
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p. 93
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Mutations can occur in sex cells or in body cells. In which cell type might a mutation be passed from generation to generation? Explain.
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sex cells- they produce more sex cells and the mutation would be carry on
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p. 90
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Explain the relationship between genes and proteins.
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each gene is a set of instructions for making a protein
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p. 88
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Outline the basic steps in making a protein.
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copy section of DNA strand containing a gene messenger molecules
take genetic information from DNA strand in the nucleus out into cytoplasm copy of DNA is fed through a ribosome 3 bases at a time transfer molecules pick up specific amino acids from cytoplasm |
p. 89
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Define mutation and give an example.
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a change in the order of the bases in an organism's DNA; deletion, insertion, or substitution
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p. 90
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Evaluate the information in a pedigree.
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a diagram of family history used for tracing a trait through several generations
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p. 92
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